THE ZooLocist—OcrToseEr, 1875. 4647 
secured, having doubtless been in preparation for the manufacture 
of fish-hooks ; with them two ornaments made of the humerus of an 
albatross were fouud, neatly cut off to a length of about one inch, 
and resembling the “heitikis” used by the Maoris, in which the 
feathers of the tui, or small birds are inserted, and suspended from 
the neck. As already stated, we picked up also some tympanic 
bones of whales amongst the refuse-heaps, so that it is evident 
that the use of this bone, for some purpose at present unknown 
to us, was universal amongst the moa-hunters in this part of the 
country. 
Judging from the great amount of kitchen middens deposited on 
the very small portion of the dunes examined by me, there is no 
doubt that the real camping ground of the moa-hunters was outside 
the cave, and that they used the latter only occasionally for shelter 
or for their meals, and only in a few instances for cooking purposes, 
thus proving that a long lapse of time was necessary for the forma- 
tion of the lower beds alone. On the other hand, the observations 
I was able to make at the junction of the kitchen middens of the 
moa-hunters and of the shell-fish eaters, demonstrates that there 
passed again a considerable time before the latter appeared on the 
scene ; and as there are actually no cooking-ovens in the upper or 
shell‘beds, since deposited in the cave, we can only conclude that 
the shells were likewise cooked outside, the numerous ash beds, 
tussocks and fern-stalks, interstratiiied amongst the shells, sug- 
gesting that the later inhabitants lighted their fires only for warmth 
and light in the cave, and probably slept there. 
It appeared to me important to obtain, if possible, some in- 
formation from the natives whether they had any knowledge or 
tradition in reference to the remarkable quantity of shell-heaps 
occurring in the inner or westerly portion of the dunes, which are 
fonnd at intervals from near the mouth of the Waipara all along 
the coast as far as the Waitaki, and in which I could never discover 
any moa bones. I therefore requested my friend, the Rev. J. W. 
Stack, to inquire from the oldest Maoris of Kaiapoi what they 
knew about them. He informs me that these natives attribute them 
generally to the Waitaha, the first immigrants who preceded the 
Ngatimamoe, who in their turn preceded the Ngatikuri, the present 
inhabitants. Seeing that these remains are assigned to the remotest 
period of Maori occupation by the natives themselves, the great 
division existing between the lower or moa-hunter and the upper 
