THE ZooLoGist— OCTOBER, 1875. 4649 
to that position by the next inhabitants having walked over them, 
and thus having trodden them down. The bed of ashes and dirt 
which here, and in a few other places, underlies the agglomeratic 
bed, clearly proves that before the last-mentioned deposit was 
formed fires were lighted occasionally upon the sands. The dis- 
covery of drift wood in the cave, often of considerable size, of 
several seal skeletons, and of a portion of a lower human jaw, is a 
proof that during the deposition of the sands it was easily accessible 
to the waves of the sea. 
I have already observed that in the marine sands we came across 
blocks of rock of all sizes, having fallen from the roof, and pos- 
seSsing a more or less rounded shape, such as is observed by scoria, 
formed in its upper and lower portions during the flow of a large 
lava stream. When the waves of the sea finally retreated, a great 
number of these fragments fell for a considerable time from the roof, 
forming a nearly uniform layer of an average thickness of six inches 
above the marine sands, and being generally thicker where the cave 
is highest. This fall was, without doubt, caused by the interior of 
the cave gradually getting drier. During the whole time of the 
formation of this remarkable deposit, the cave appears to have been 
occasionally inhabited, as evinced by the great number of bones and 
of small quantities of charcoal and ashes enclosed in the bed under 
consideration. Above this agglomerated bed another remarkable 
layer had been deposited, generally three to four inches in thick- 
ness, mostly consisting of refuse matter from human occupation 
and of ashes, so that I adopted the name of dirt-bed for the same. 
It was, especially in some localities,—as, for instance, near the 
entrance of the cave,—replete with kitchen middens of the moa- 
hunters. I wish, however, to point out that the fall of the rocks 
from the roof did not cease during its formation or even afterwards, 
as all the beds upwards, even those of European origin, have small 
lumps of such scoria, or even larger blocks, imbedded in them. 
I believe, therefore, that this dirt-bed was forming during a more 
regular occupancy of the cave by the moa-hunters; moreover, I 
think that the connection of the cooking-places and kitchen mid- 
dens of the moa-hunters outside the cave, amongst the dunes, with 
the dirt-bed, has been traced satisfactorily in the foregoing pages. 
Bat now, as it were at once, the moa-hunters disappear from the 
scene; but not without affording an insight into their daily life, by 
leaving us sonie of their polished and unpolished stone implements, 
