62 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
Sumatra, 87 to Java, 39 to Siam, 26 to China, 2 to the New Hebrides, and 
6 to Australia. Thus Malaccan butterflies preponderate towards those of 
the Indian Region. 
Two short notices on Hornbills were read. Craniorrhinus Waldeni 
is the name of a new Hornbill from the Island of Panay, one of the 
Philippines, and described by Mr. R. Bowdler Sharpe, who regards it 
as allied to C. cassidix. The specimen was obtained by Professor Steere 
(Univ. Michigan, U.S.) in a virgin forest in the mountainous ranges of 
the above island; the birds keeping high among the branches of dense- 
foliaged trees, only one specimen was procured. An extract from a letter 
from Dr. John Anderson contained some observations on Hydrocissa albi- 
rostris and Aceros subrujficollis. These Hornbills are kept in the Aviary 
of the recently-founded Zoological Gardens of Calcutta, and, to the surprise 
of the writer, he observed that they devour small birds head foremost. They 
commence by tossing them about and breaking every bone of the body by 
passing the victim through their bill from side to side. 
The genital armature in the European Rhopalocera formed the subject 
of some researches by Dr. Buchanan White. This entomologist, after a 
careful comparison of the external genital apparatus, holds that the parts in 
different genera and species exhibit such diversities as, in his opinion, to 
afford good distinguishing characters. 
_ A new Crustacean, from Australia, Actemorpha erosa, was described by 
Mr. E. J. Miers. It was dredged at seven fathoms, and came up along 
with a number of Caneroidea, &c. ‘To these, indeed, it bears so close 
a resemblance as at first to be mistaken for one of them, though subse- 
quent examination has shown that structurally it undoubtedly belongs to 
the family of Leucosiide. 
Mr. H. N. Moseley, one of the naturalists on board of H.M.S. 
‘Challenger,’ having procured two new and remarkable forms of deep- 
sea Ascidians, gave a detailed account of their appearance and anatomical 
peculiarities. The first of these aberrant forms, named by the author 
Hypbythius calcycodes, was trawled in the North Pacific Ocean from 
a depth of 2900 fathoms. It is cup-shaped and stalked, and probably is 
allied to Boltenia; but it differs from this well-known genus, among other 
things, in possessing a series of cartilaginous plates, developed with sym- 
metrical arrangement on its otherwise soft test. The second still more 
bizarre Ascidian has received the name of Octacnemus bythius, and this was 
raised from a depth of 1070 fathoms. Star-shaped, or of 8-rayed contour, 
its gill-sac is nearly horizontal, and gill network absent. Muscular pro- 
longations of the tunic run into the curious conical protuberances of the 
test; the nucleus is contracted and small like that of Salpa. So far as 
present knowledge goes, this unique specimen is believed to be without 
living allies. 
