NORTHERN RANGE OF THE FALLOW DEER. 91 
to belong possibly to the Stag; secondly, an indistinct figure in 
the ‘Ossemens Fossiles’ of an antler attached to a skull found at 
Stuttgardt, which seems to me to belong to the Reindeer; and, 
lastly, a fragment of antler from Buchberg, which, taken along with 
the find at Olmiitz, is the second of the two cases identified by 
Dr. Jeitteles. It is a museum specimen, which may very probably 
be liable to the same doubts as those which are entertained by 
Dr. Riitimeyer regarding the fragments from Olmiitz. The teeth 
and bones from Hamburg are as likely to belong to the Stag as 
to the Fallow Deer. 
The alleged instances of the discovery of the animal in this 
country and in France are equally unsatisfactory. The flattened 
antlers alluded to by Buckland and Owen belong either to the 
Stag or the Reindeer. Among the many thousands of bones and 
teeth which I have examined from the ossiferous caves of various 
ages, from refuse-heaps and tumuli, I have never seen any fragment 
whieh could be attributed to Fallow Deer, except in refuse-heaps 
not older than the Roman occupation. Nor is it found in Ireland 
till the middle ages. The late lamented Prof. Ed. Lartet, whom 
I always consulted on difficult questions such as these, believed 
that the animal was not living in Central and Northern France in the 
pleistocene or prehistoric ages, but that it was imported probably 
by the Romans. 
The only evidence against this view is that afforded by an antler 
dug up in Paris and brought to Prof. Gervais along with stone celts 
by some workmen. It seemed to me when I saw it in 1878, in the 
Jardin des Plantes, not altogether conclusive, because of the absence 
of proof that all the remains were obtained from the same un- 
disturbed stratum. I should expect to find such antlers in the 
refuse-heaps of Roman Paris, as in Roman London, and I should 
not be at all surprised if the remains of widely different ages were 
mingled together by the workmen, even if they were found in the 
same excavation. As examples of the necessity of guarding against 
this source of error, I may quote a recent lower jaw of Kangaroo 
Rat in the collection of my late friend Mr. Wickham Flower, which 
was stated to have been dug out of the brick-earth near Sitting- 
bourne, along with the Mammoth and other pleistocene creatures ; 
the bones of an Ostrich brought to Prof. Busk, along with Mam- 
moth and Hippopotamus from the gravels of Acton Green; and 
lastly, the skeleton of Fallow Deer found in a bog not far from the 
