124 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
found, associated with bones of the Rhinoceros, Spotted Hyzna, 
Badger, Ermine (or Stoat), Polecat, Wolf, Fox, Otter, Grisly Bear, 
Brown Bear and Great Cave Bear, Reindeer, Roebuck, Red Deer, 
Bison, Urus (or Giant Ox), Hippopotamus, Pig, Horse, two species 
of Elephants, Hare, Rabbit, Water Rat, Cat, Lion, and Great-horned 
Deer. In the Devonshire caves the same animals, with the addition 
of the Sabre-toothed Lion and the Lemming. In the brick-earths 
and deposits of the Thames an exact repetition of the first have 
been found, with the addition of the Beaver. The celebrated cavern 
of Kirkdale was a den of Hyznas, where nearly all the animals of 
the other caves were found, thus showing a very general distribution 
throughout the country. The only Irish cave or river deposit at all 
fruitful was the cavern of Shandon, in the county of Waterford, 
where remains of the Mammoth, Elephant, Horse, Reindeer, Red 
Deer, Grisly Bear, Wolf, Fox and Hare were found associated. 
Scotland, not possessing many limestone caverns, and the Highlands 
being of granitic formations, together possibly with the effects of a 
rigorous climate during the period when the quadrupeds in question 
were living in England, may account for the absence of remains of 
any save the Wolf, Mammoth and Reindeer, although others may 
remain to be discovered. 
I now propose to note a few of the more interesting details which 
geologists have brought to light concerning the various species of 
animals which formerly inhabited the British Islands, but which 
are now either extinct or only exist in a few localities and in 
greatly diminished numbers. 
THE Brown Bear is one of the few extinct British beasts which 
survived up to the historical period, and, although it had dis- 
appeared probably for centuries beforehand in England, we have 
it on excellent authority that it was common on the Scotch High- 
lands as late as the middle of the eleventh century.* The date of 
its existence in Ireland is uot recorded;+ indeed, as will be 
presently shown, there are doubts if the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) 
* Pennant says it was a native of Scotland in 1057. 
+ No tradition has yet been found with reference to its Irish residence, although 
the name math-gamhuin (calf of the plains) is supposed by many authorities to refer 
to the Bear. St. Donatus, who died 4.p. 840, asserts it was not in the island in his 
time.—A. L.A. [The skulls of Bears referred to by Dr. Ball (Trans. Roy. Irish 
Acad., 1849) as having been found in Ireland, are now considered to have belonged 
to the Grisly Bear.—Ep.} 
