142 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
its remains in North America as far south as Mexico, and in 
Europe from the frozen seas to Rome. In Great Britain it has 
been traced throughout England, Wales, and the south of Scotland, 
and remains have been found in two widely distant localities in 
Ireland.* In fact, of all'the aneient British mammals the Mam- 
moth was evidently one of the most common, and seems to have 
survived the Elephant next to be mentioned. Of its contempora- 
neous existence with man in Europe, we have evidence not only in 
the discovery of stone implements along with its remains, but a 
few years since a fragment of the tusk of a Mammoth was found in 
the cave of La Madelaine in the Dordogne, on which was a rude 
but faithful representation of this hairy Elephant, etched by means 
of the stone implement of some cave dweller of the period, when, 
together with the Reindeer and the Bear, it roamed over Southern 
France. 
THE ANCIENT ELEPHANT, as it has been named, was, as far as our 
islands are concerned, not so gigantic in stature as the Mammoth, 
and was distinguished by the possession of grinders formed on a 
very different pattern. Taken in conjunction with other differences 
in the skeleton, these characters afford as well-marked distinctions 
between it and the Mammoth as those which exist between the 
African and Asiatic Elephants. The Ancient Elephant has been 
more frequently found in middle and southern Europe than in the 
north-west; nevertheless, from the quantities of teeth and bones 
found in England, the probability is that it was at one time quite 
common here. In regard to geographical distribution, the exuvie 
hitherto discovered show that it was confined to Europe. The 
tusks of the Mammoth curved considerably upwards, whilst those 
of the Ancient Elephant much resembled the tusks of living 
species, and were nearly straight. In point of size, neither of the 
fossil species very much exceeded the largest African Elephant, 
although the bull Mammoth, as a rule, was considerably taller 
than its living representative. 
Admitting points of distinction between these two extinct 
elephantine animals, we are naturally led to inquire how far they 
differed from the Asiatic and African Elephants of the present day. 
It may be stated generally that in its skeleton the Mammoth is 
closely allied to the Asiatic Elephant; so alike are they, indeed, 
* Cavan and Waterford. 
