146 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
cold of the glacial epoch, possibly by migrating during its con- 
linuance to Southern Europe. The comparison in size between 
these two Beavers, at one time contemporaneous, coupled with 
anatomical characters, seems to preclude the possibility of the 
larger being a more highly developed race of the smaller. Beavers’ 
bones have been dug up in the lower brick-earths of the Thames, 
and under the streets of London, and there can be no doubt that 
at one time the Beaver built its dam on this river and its tributaries 
as well as on many other English, Scotch and Welsh streams and 
lakes.* 
THE Hare and Rassit have pedigrees which extend back to the 
days of the British Elephants, Rhinoceroses, Lions, and other large 
quadrupeds, nor do they seem to have been of greater size then 
than their present representatives, although jaws and skulls of 
hares have been occasionally met with somewhat larger than the 
same parts of any living species of the genus. 
THE Prkas or Tartiess Hares of Northern Asia were once dis- 
tributed over Europe, and several portions of their skeletons have 
been found in cave-deposits in England, associated with remains 
of nearly all the large extinct mammals. 
Tae LEMMING, still plentiful in Northern Europe, and renowned 
for its voracious habits, had a representative in England in olden 
times, as proved by the discovery of its remains in several cave- 
deposits. The Marmots or Ground Squirrels also had a compeer, 
as shown by the discovery of its relics in the cave of Fisherton, 
near Salisbury. The WaTER Rat seems to have been common, also 
the Lone- and SuHort-TaiLeD Fiztp Mice and the Common 
House Movse. 
Tue Larce HorskEsHoer Bat and the NocruLe or Great Bat, 
both still natives of the British Islands, have left their bones in 
* Fossil remains of the Beaver have been found in Berkshire (Phil. Trans. 1757, 
p. 112), and in Cambridgeshire (Jenyns'’ ‘ British Vertebrate Animals,’ p. 34), in 
Berwickshire and in Perthshire (Neill, ‘Wernerian Memoirs,’ vol. iii., p. 207). In 
‘the ninth century the animal was known by the Welsh as “ Llosdlydan” (Leges 
Wallice, iii., 11), and in Gaelic it is still termed from tradition ‘‘ Losleathen.” For 
some further particulars on the subject the reader may be referred to an article 
entitled “Beavers, Ancient and Modern,” which appeared in ‘The Field’ ot 
March 22, 1873.—Ep. 
