314 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
Homo greenlandus.—The most northern known inhabitants of 
our globe are the Eskimo that dwell along the coasts of North 
Greenland between Cape York, the northern extremity of Melville 
Bay, and the great Humboldt glacier, which discharges into Smith 
Sound on its eastern side, between the seventy-ninth and eightieth 
parallels of north latitude. These exxaro avdpov were first brought 
to notice by Captain Sir Join Ross, who discovered them during 
his voyage to Baffin Bay in 1818, and they were called by him 
the “Arctic Highlanders.” Since then Dr. Kane, Dr. Hayes and 
Dr. Bessels, with their different Expeditions, wintered in the 
vicinity of these people, and have published graphic and inte- 
resting accounts of their habits and ways of life. The most 
northern settlement of these Eskimo at the present day is Etah, 
on the northern shore of Foulke Fiord, from whence the hunters 
of the tribe travel along the Greenland coast as far north as the 
southern edge of the Humboldt glacier, a litle beyond the seventy- 
ninth degree. That they also at times cross the Sound and visit 
the opposite shores is evident from Dr. Bessels having reached 
latitude 79° 16’, on the east coast of Grinnell Land, by sledging, in 
company with two of the Etah Eskimo, on April 16th, 1873.* In 
1875, 1 found at Cape Sabine the remains of several ancient Eskimo 
encampments, but nearer to the shore traces of a recent visit, a 
blackened fire-place made of three stones placed against a rock, 
with the hairs of a white bear sticking to the grease-spots, an 
harpoon with iron tip, and the eaecreta of the dogs who had fed off 
the bear’s hide. Further north, on the shores of Buchanan Strait, 
we came upon deserted settlements containing the ruins of many 
“igloos”; in one instance the ribs of a large cetacean had been used 
as rafters to a hut; bones of Reindeer, Musk-ox, White Bear, Seal 
and Walrus were strewed around, and | picked up several articles 
of human workmanship, both in bone and ivory. Sul further 
north, Norman Lockyer Island, in Franklin Pierce Bay, at some 
distant period, must have been the home of numerous Eskimo. 
On the 11th August, 1875, 1 landed and walked along the northern 
shore of this island for some two miles; it was strewed with the 
bones of walrus, whilst skulls of this animal were lying about in 
hundreds, all broken more or less by humau agency, in every 
instance the tusks having been extracted. Skulls of Phoca barbata 
and P. hispida, broken at the base in order to extract the brain, 
* Report Sec. U.S. Navy, 1873, p. 537. 
