THE OSSIFEROUS CAVERNS UF DEVONSHIRE. 369 
was clear and invariable; and elsewhere the succession, though 
_ defective, was never transgressed. Excepting the overlying blocks 
of limestone, of course, all the deposits contained remains of 
animals, which, however, were not abundant in the stalagmites. 
The black mould, the uppermost bed, yielded teeth and bones of 
Man, Dog, Fox, Badger, Brown Bear, Bos longifrons, Roedeer, 
Sheep, Goat, Pig, Hare, Rabbit, and Seal—species still existing, 
and almost all of them in Devonshire. This has been called the 
Ovine bed, the remains of Sheep being restricted to it. In it were 
also found numerous flint flakes and “ strike-lights,” stone spindle- 
whorls, fragments of curvilineal pieces of slate, amber beads, bone 
tools, including awls, chisels, and combs; bronze articles, such as 
rings, a fibula, a spoon, a spear-head, a socketed celt, and a pin; 
pieces of smelted copper, and a great number and variety of 
potsherds, including fragments of Samian ware. The granular 
stalagmite, black band, and cave-earth, taken together as belonging 
to one and the same biological period, may be termed the Hyenine 
beds, the Cave Hyzna being their most prevalent species, and found 
in them alone. So far as they have been identified, the remains 
belong to the Cave Hyena, Equus caballus, Rhinoceros ticho- 
rhinus, gigantic Irish Deer, Bos primigeneus, Bison priscus, Red 
Deer, Mammoth, Badger, Cave Bear, Grizzly Bear, Brown Bear, 
Cave Lion, Wolf, Fox, Reindeer, Beaver, Glutton, Machairodus 
latidens, and Man—the last being a part of a jaw with teeth, in 
the granular stalagmite. In the same beds were found unpolished 
ovate and lanceolate implements made from flakes, not nodules, 
of flint and chert; flint flakes, chips, and “ cores;” ‘ whetstones,” 
a “hammer-stone,” dead shells of Pecten, bits of charcoal and 
bone tools, including a needle or bodkin having a well-formed eye, 
a pin, an awl, three harpoons, and a perforated tooth of Badger. 
The artificial objects, of both bone and stone, were found at all 
depths in each of the hyenine beds, but were much more numerous 
below the stalagmite than in it. The relics found in the crystalline 
stalagmite and the breccia, in some places extremely abundant, were 
almost exclusively those of Bear, the only exceptions being a very 
few remains of Cave Lion and Fox. Hence these have been termed 
the Ursine beds. It will be remembered that teeth and bones of 
Bear were also met with in both the hyeznine and the ovine beds ; 
and it should be understood that this biological classification is 
intended to apply to Kent’s Cavern only. The ursine deposits, or 
3B 
