372 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
Sections, p. 61). So far as was then known, the cave was thirty 
yards long and six yards broad. Below a recent accumulation, 
four feet deep, of loam and earth, with land and marine shells, 
bones of the domestic fowl and of man, pottery, and various imple- 
ments, lay a true cave-earth, abounding in the remains of Elephant. 
Prof. Owen, who identified, from this lower bed, relics of Badger, 
Polecat, Stoat, Water Vole, Rabbit, and Reindeer, remarks, that for 
the first good evidence of the Reindeer in this island he had been 
indebted to Mr. Bartlett, who stated that the remains were found 
in this cavern (see Brit. Foss. Mam. 1846, pp. 109-110, 113-114, 
116, 204, 212, 479-480). I have made numerous visits to the spot, 
which, when Mr. Lyte began his diggings, must have been a shaft- 
like fissure, accessible from the top only. A lateral opening, how- 
ever, has been quarried into it; there is a narrow tunnel extending 
westward, in which the deposit is covered with a thick sheet of 
stalagmite, and where one is tempted to believe that a few weeks’ 
labour might be well invested. 
Brixham Cavern.—Early in 1858 an unsuspected cavern was 
broken into by quarrymen at the north-western angle of Windmill 
Hill at Brixham, at a point 75 feet above the surface of the street, 
almost vertically below, and 100 feet above mean tide. On being 
found to contain bones, a lease in it was secured for the Geological 
Society of London, who appointed a committee of their members 
to undertake its exploration; funds were voted by the Royal 
Society, and supplemented by private subscriptions; the conduct 
of the investigation was intrusted to Mr. Prestwich and myself; 
and the work, under my superintendence, as the only resident 
member of the committee, was begun in July, 1858, and completed 
at midsummer, 1859. The cavern, comprised within a space of 
135 feet from north to south, and 100 from east to west, consisted 
of a series of tunnel galleries from 6 to 8 feet in greatest depth, and 
10 to 14 feet in height, with two small chambers and five external 
entrances. The deposits, in descending order, were :— 
lst, or uppermost. A floor of stalagmite, from a few inches to a 
foot thick, and continnous over very considerable areas, but not 
throughout the entire cavern. 
2nd. A mass of small angular fragments of limestone, cemented 
into a firm concrete with carbonate of lime, commenced at the 
principal entrance, which it completely filled, and whence it 
extended 34 feet only. It was termed the “ first bed.” 
