THE OSSIFEROUS CAVERNS OF DEVONSHIRE. 373 
3rd. A layer of blackish matter, about 12 feet long, and nowhere 
more than a foot thick, occurred immediately beneath the first bed, 
and was designated the “ second bed.” 
4th. A red, tenacious, clayey loam, containing a large number of 
angular and subangular fragments of limestone, varying from very 
small bits to blocks a ton in weight, made up the “third bed.” 
Pebbles of trap, quartz, and limestone were somewhat prevalent, 
whilst nodules of brown hematite of iron and blocks of stalagmite 
were occasionally met with in it. The usual depth of the bed was 
from 2 to 4 feet, but this was exceeded by 4 or 5 feet in two 
localities. 
5th. The third bed lay immediately on an accumulation of 
pebbles of quartz, greenstone, grit, and limestone, mixed with small 
fragments of shale. The depth of this, known as the “ fourth” or 
“sravel bed,” was undetermined; for, excepting a few feet only, 
the limestone bottom was nowhere reached. ‘There is abundant 
evidence that this bed, as well as a stalagmitic floor which had 
covered it, had been partially broken up and dislodged before the 
introduction of the third bed. 
Organic remains were found in the stalagmitie floor and in each 
of the beds beneath it, with the exception of the second only; but 
as ninety-five per cent. of the whole series occurred in the third, 
this was not unfrequently termed the “bone bed.” The mammals 
represented in the stalagmite were Bear, Reindeer, Rhinoceros 
tichorhinus, Mammoth, and Cave Lion. The first bed yielded 
Bear and Fox only. In the third bed were found relics of Mam- 
moth, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Horse, Bos primigenius, B. longi- 
jfrons, Red Deer, Reindeer, Roebuck, Cave Lion, Cave Hyena, 
Cave Bear, Grizzly Bear, Brown Bear, Fox, Hare, Rabbit, Lagomys 
speleus, Water Vole, Shrew, Polecat, and Weasel. The only 
remains met with in the fourth bed were those of Bear, Horse, Ox, 
and Mammoth. The human industrial remains exhumed in the 
cavern were flint implements and a hammer-stone, and occurred in 
the third and fourth beds only. The pieces of flint met with were 
thirty-six in number. Of these fifteen are held to show evidence 
of having been artificially worked, in nine the workmanship is rude 
or doubtful, four have been mislaid, and the remainder are believed 
not to have been worked at all (see Phil. Trans. vol. 163, 1878, 
pp- 561, 562). Of the undoubted tools, eleven were found in the 
third and four in the fourth bed. Two of those yielded by the 
