378 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
bogs of Denmark, with their successive layers of beech, pedun- 
culated oak, sessile oak, and Scotch fir, we learn from the facts 
that even the lowest zone of the bogs has yielded no bones of 
mammals but those of recent species, and no tools but those of 
Neolithic type; whilst even the granular stalagmite, the upper- 
most of the Hyznine beds in Kent’s Hole, has afforded relics of 
mammoth, Rhinoceros tichorhinus, Cave Bear, and Cave Hyena. 
That the men of the Cave Breccia, or Ursine period, to whom 
we now turn, were of still higher antiquity, is obvious from the 
geological position of their industrial remains. That the two 
races of Troglodytes were separated by a wide interval of time 
we learn from the sheet of crystalline stalagmite, sometimes 12 feet 
thick, laid down after the deposition of the breccia had ‘ceased, 
and before the introduction of the cave-earth had begun, as well 
as from the entire change in the materials composing the two 
deposits. But, perhaps, the fact which most emphatically indicates 
the chronological value of this interval is the difference in the 
faunas. In the cave-earth, as already stated, the remains of the 
Hyena greatly exceed in number those of any other mammal ; 
and it may be added that he is also disclosed by almost every 
relic of his contemporaries—their jaws have, through his agency, 
lost their condyles and lower borders; their bones are fractured 
after a fashion known by experiment to be his; and the splinters 
into which they are broken are deeply scored with his teeth-marks. 
His presence is also attested by the abundance of his droppings 
in every branch of the cavern. In short, Kent’s Hole was one of 
his homes ; he dragged hither, piecemeal, such animals as he found 
dead near it; and the well-known habits of his representatives of 
our day have led us to expect all this from him. When, however, 
we turn to the breccia, a very different spectacle awaits us. We 
meet with no trace whatever of his presence, not a single relic of 
his skeleton, not a bone on which he has operated, not a coprolite 
to mark as much as a visit. Can it be doubted that had he then 
occupied our country he would have taken up his abode in our 
cavern? Need we hesitate to regard this entire absence of all 
traces of so decided a cave-dweller as a proof that he had not yet 
made his advent in Britain? Are we not compelled to believe 
that Man formed part of the Devonshire fauna long before the 
Hyena did? Is there any method of escaping the conclusion 
that between the era of the Breccia and that of the Cave-earth it 
