PROCEEDINGS OF SCIENTIFIC SOCIETIES. 67 
Prof. Westwood exhibited a male specimen of Epinephele Tithonus 
having the right hind-wing much paler than the general ground colour of 
the other wings ; likewise a variety (gynandromorphic) of E. Jurtina, viz., a 
male specimen, having the under side of the left hind-wing partly male and 
partly female in character, the two portions being separated by an orange 
streak, and presenting the appearance of a male wing with a portion of a 
female wing let in. An enlarged coloured diagram of the last insect was 
exhibited, and also similar diagrams of the following specimens :—(1). A 
male Perrhybris Pyrrha (from Mr. Hewitson’s collection) having the under 
side of the right hind-wing coloured like the female, which mimics a species 
of Heliconia. (2). A specimen of Nymphalis Populi with larval head. 
(3). A specimen of Dytiscus marginalis (original in British Museum) with 
larval head, and one of Helophilus pendulus similarly deformed, two 
specimens of this last example of imperfect development being in the Hope 
Collection at Oxford. 
Prof. Westwood remarked with regard to monstrosities that although in 
such cases among the higher animals the head parts often appeared 
duplicated, this very rarely appeared among the Arthropoda. He was 
inclined to regard gynandromorphism as the result of the coalescence of 
two ova in the female insect, and the subsequent suppression of all the 
characters of the one sex but those retained in the imago. 
Mr. H. T. Stainton raised the question whether many cases of gynan- 
dromorphism might not be explained by atavism, 7.e., by partial reversion 
to ancestral characters. 
Mr. M‘Lachlan exhibited a series of cases of the larvee of Trichopterous 
insects forwarded to him by Dr. Fritz Miiller, of Blumenau, Santa 
Catharina, Brazil. Several of the forms, of minute size, were evidently 
those of Hydroptilide. 
Dr. Fritz Miiller also sent enlarged outlines of the neuration of various 
Lepidoptera, in order to point out the homologies that appeared to exist with 
that of the Trichoptera, of which an outline of the wing of Glyphidotaulius, 
copied from Kolenati’s ‘Genera et Species Trichopterorum,’ was placed 
side by side with those of the Lepidoptera. Mr. M‘Lachlan called 
especial attention to the neuration of Castnia Ardalus as delineated by 
Dr. Miller, and compared it with that of Hydropsyche as figured in his 
‘Revision and Synopsis of European Trichoptera.’ He stated that it had 
long been his opinion that in a linear arrangement the orders Lepidoptera 
and Trichoptera should not be widely separated. 
The Rev. A. Eaton exhibited a piece of “ Kungu cake” from Lake 
Nyassa. According to Livingstone and others this substance is used 
extensively as food in the region referred to, and is made by the natives of 
large quantities of a minute insect, whose habit is to fly in dense cloud-like 
flights often similar in appearance to columns of smoke. These subsiding 
