82 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
I. Single and complete Moult in Autumn.—This takes place 
in all birds towards the autumn, when both the large wing- and 
tail-quills, as also the small feathers, are cast and replaced by 
new ones. Here belong :— 
Loxia Parus 
Fringilla Regulus 
Emberiza Sitta 
Alauda Certhia 
Sturnus Picus 
Turdus Junx 
Oriolus Cuculus 
Saxicola cenanthe Alcedo 
Sylvia philomela Coracias 
», luscinia Upupa 
Ruticilla phoenicurus Columba 
»  tithys Caprimulgus 
Erythacus rubecula Cypselus 
Sylvia atricapilla Strix 
»  hortensis Falco 
Phylloscopus trochilus Tetrao urogallus 
ae abietina Coturnix (?) 
5 sibilatrix Otis 
a hypolais Grus 
Acrocephalus arundinaceus Fulica 
Cinclus Gallinula 
Troglodytes Rallus 
Accentor Scolopax 
Hirundo Numenius 
Muscicapa grisola Recurvirostra 
Lanius Ciconia 
Ampelis garrulus Ardea 
Corvus Cygnus 
Pica Anser 
Caryocatactes Anas tadorna 
Garrulus Dysporus sula, and others. 
As exceptions here are the larger birds of prey, which do not 
change their feathers with any degree of regularity, but generally 
cast them at longer or shorter intervals. 
II. Double or Spring Moult takes place towards the spring, 
and extends when— 
