168 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
prevailing tint of the Cape Rawson beds, the rocks we were then 
passing presented a highly coloured strata, which appeared for 
miles in mountains and valleys. The colours of these strata 
were so remarkable and so intense that we had no difficulty in 
tracing their outcrop for miles. A black, a carmine, and an 
orange series especially attracted our attention. 
On the morning of the 20th we found the ice closely packed 
off Cape M‘Clintock and closing in on the land. We therefore 
retraced our course some eight miles and took refuge in a fine 
fiord, to which was given the name of Rawlings Bay. We moored 
to the land-ice, and I shortly afterwards went on shore with 
Mr. Parr. Along the shores of this fiord, and close to the water's 
edge, we discovered many remains of Eskimo “igloos.” In one 
sheltered nook we counted the sites of twenty dwellings. They 
were evidently very ancient, the stone walls having fallen in and 
become buried under a layer of peaty earth; indeed these ancient 
abodes were only recognizable by the extra green of the moss that 
covered them. We opened one of these mounds, and after rolling 
away the stones that had once formed the roof, found several 
pieces of carved ivory-work buried in the earth that filled up what 
had been the dwelling-room. Continuing our walk along the shore 
we came across the skeleton of a Reindeer; it was evidently of 
recent origin, as pieces of skin and dried flesh adhered to the skull. 
After leaving Rawlings Bay on the 22nd the weather rapidly 
changed for the worse. Snow commenced to fall, and in a few 
hours the line of shore-hills became covered with their winter 
mantle. A single Glaucous Gull and numerous “ dovekies’”’ were 
seen, and one or two Ringed Seals. As we approached Cape 
Frazer, the meeting place of the Polar and Baffin Bay tides, the 
difficulties of navigation greatly increased. Off that Cape we 
were hemmed in by the ice, and had to take refuge in a small bay. 
On the 24th our ships rounded Cape Frazer. Progress was only 
effected by taking advantage of every movement in the heavy 
ice-barriers which offered a lead, and by clinging to the shore. 
Three more days of unceasing exertion on the part of officers and 
men, guided by our skilful leader, brought us safely along some 
ten or fifteen miles to Dobbin Bay, where we obtained comparative 
safety. 
The coast-line from Cape Frazer to Dobbin Bay consists of 
abrupt mural precipices, fringed with a broad and solid ice-foot. 
