362 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
Danes gave various names to other parts of “ Middlesmoor,” of 
which they took possession: e.g., ““Armathwaite” (O.N. arma, 
gen. plur. of armar, an arm; and thveit, detached piece of land, 
Armathwaite being situated near the junction of two “arms” 
which unite to form How Stean Beck, a tributary of the Nidd), 
while Middlesmoor was eventually retained only as the name of 
the village. Other Norsk names of hills and eminences are 
‘Bull brae” (Icel. bula, to tear asunder; Norsk brae, hillside), 
the name of a part of the north side of the dale from which 
there has been a large slip, ‘‘ Haden Carr” near the dale head, a 
plateau 1500 feet ending in a steep escarpment (O.N. hed, hill, 
height; Kjarr, bog covered with brushwood), “Jordan Moss” 
(Dan. jord, earth, peat; en, the; mos, moss, the peat-bog), the 
name of a peat-bog on Lofthouse Moor; ‘“ Blue Burnings,” the 
name of a steep hillside above Lofthouse (O.N. blaberne, the 
bleberries), formerly a wood famous for bilberries; also ‘‘ Blubber- 
house” (Blaber-hus) in Washburndale; ‘“ Trappen Hill,” the 
steepest part of the hill-road that runs up by Blue Burnings 
(Dan. trappe, staircase, en, the—trappen, the staircase). Before 
the road was made it is probable that steps were here cut in 
the soil; they are common enough at the present day. ‘“‘Arna 
Nab” (O.N. arna, gen. plur. of orn, an eagle; Nab, Dan. neb, 
projecting point of a hill, eagle’s point) ; ‘‘ Arnagill,” a picturesque 
rocky gill at the southern extremity of the Colsterdale basin. 
“ Brown Ridge” (O. N. bran, brow of a hill), the northern water- 
shed ridge of Nidderdale, 1500 feet; ‘‘ Acora Sear’ (O. N. akr, 
arable land ; as opposed to eng, grass land), and many others 
Another physical feature of great interest that bears an old 
Norsk name is ‘‘ Beggarmote Scar,” a steep cliff in limestone at 
the angle of the Nidd at which it first sinks in volume into the 
ground at a place called “Manchester Holes.” Beggarmote 
(pronounced “ Beckermort”) is O. N. bekkjar, gen. sing. of bekkr, 
beck, and mét, meeting; but it does not mean a meeting of the 
waters, for there is no meeting of any waters. It simply means a 
“juncture,” and has the same sense as in alda-mét, the end and 
beginning of two centuries; missera-mét, the meeting, juncture 
of the seasons, where one ends the other begins ; so bekkjar-mét, 
means the point at which the river on the surface ends, and that 
below ground begins. Beggarmote Scar is opposite Tiedera 
Wood, which is on a similar limestone cliff, but bears an Anglian 
name. The true explanation of the meaning of this interesting 
