370 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
limited to the mountains, is represented by Empetrum nigrum, 
the crowberry, which grows sparsely among the ling on the moors 
up to 1800 feet; Vaccinium Vitis-idea, cowberry ; Arctostaphylos 
Uva-ursi, the bear-berry, which is very rare on these moors, occurs 
on Great Wham, 1750 feet, and on Little Whernside; Rubus 
chamemorus, the smallest tree, the cloudberry, with a beautiful 
white blossom, is scarcely six inches high, and grows sparsely on 
the high moors, but is very local in its distribution on them; 
Oxyria reniformis is common on moorside pastures and streams; 
while T'rientalis ewrope@a is exceedingly rare. This last occurs 
also on the moors of Cleveland. 
The British type, or those that are fairly equally distributed 
throughout this island, is represented by many rare and interesting 
plants. Drosera rotundifolia, which is found on the peat on the 
moors in abundance; the juniper, which is very rare, but of which 
a few bushes are preserved in sheltered gills on the borders of the 
moors, as in Lul Beck, at 1000 feet; the asphodel, which is very 
rare, grows under Brimham Rocks, at 850 feet, and on Coni- 
stone Moor, about 1750 feet: the golden yellow flowers of this 
exquisite little plant are some of the most beautiful things in 
nature. Menyanthes, bogbean, fairly common in bogs; Myrica 
Gale, not common, moorland bogs; Calluna vulgaris, the ling, 
characterises the moors, but does not ascend above 1800 feet, 
often replaced by green grassy moors; LHrica tetralix and cinerea 
occur among the ling; Gymnadenia conopsea, sparsely, up to 
1200 feet, in grass fields; Corylus avellana, in the valleys, up 
to 1200 feet; Vacciniwn myrtillus, local, but not uncommon, 
especially in moorside woods and in sheltered damp places on 
the moors on which the sun shines, when it fruits best; Draba 
verna, scarce, Pateley Bridge, 500 feet, and Galphay, 400 feet ; 
Ophioglossum vulgatum, exceedingly common in places, occurs 
right up the dale to Lodge, 1250 feet, in grass fields; Digitalis 
purpurea, sparsely ; Mercurialis perennis, less plentiful than south 
of Wharfe, where it is most common; Primula vulgaris, 1800 feet, 
on Pen-y-Ghent, in flower May 7, 1871, very dwarf; Cochlearia 
officinalis, carrier pasture, near Kettlewell, grassy boggy moor, 
1600 feet, north-east aspect, same day; Adoxa moschatellina and 
Asplenium viride, on north slope of Pen-y-Ghent, 2000 feet, both 
very dwarf. 
(To be continued.) 
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