380 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
elevate and depress its crest at will. In old ‘ Household Books” dated at 
the end of the fifteenth and beginning of the sixteenth century, the Lap- 
wing is entered sometimes as “ Pewit,” but generally ‘‘wype” (compare the 
Swedish “ wipa”), and the latter word is occasionally found coupled with 
“ plovers,” showing that by the last-mentioned name “ golden plovers” were 
intended. I have not met with any instance of the use of the word upupa, 
in which it is clear from the context that the Lapwing is referred to; nor 
do I think it clear that this is so in the case in question.—J. E. Harrine. 
Futmar PrerrReL BREEDING IN THE IsLE oF Fourna.—So far as 
I know, the Fulmar Petrel, Procellaria glacialis, has not hitherto been 
known to breed in Britain, except at St. Kilda and in the Hebrides. I have 
often seen them in Shetland, and several specimens have been procured ; 
but there was seldom more than one seen at atime. On June 4th, 1878, 
about a dozen pairs were observed hovering round the cliffs of the island of 
Foula, and at last they fixed on the most inaccessible cliffs on the island— 
a place that no native could reach, and where, according to their statement, 
no bird ever nested before. This stronghold was taken by the Fulmars, 
and they nested and brought off their young unmolested. This year they 
again made their appearance at the same date, only about double the 
number of birds. ‘They have again taken up their quarters, and are said 
to defend it against all intruders from without, while their position secures 
them from the grasp of the daring islanders. They maintain the same 
position of undisputed right to their cliff that the bold and fearless Skua 
holds on the hills above them. The nests are placed on small ledges 
formed by the splitting of the rocks into layers, while the entire cliff seems 
so perpendicular that no foothold could be got for even the smallest bird. 
This is an addition to the number of our native birds, many of which have 
been considerably diminished of late, from the too easy access of collectors 
to their haunts. Those that have suffered most of late are the Red-throated 
and other Divers, the Grebes the Great Skua, and several of the Duck 
family.—J. Garriooxk (Prospect House, Lerwick). 
(If our correspondent will refer to Mr. Robert Gray’s ‘ Birds of the West 
of Scotland’ (p. 499), he will find that St. Kilda is not the only stronghold 
of the Fulmar. Besides Borrera and Soa, it used formerly to breed in the 
south isles of Barra; and in Skye, says Mr. Gray, it breeds in at least one 
locality—a “stack” off the farm of Tallisker, half way between Stack-na- 
Maidaidh and Breshal Beg. The nests are in holes in a very deep grassy 
slope, extremely difficult of access. The country people say there are many 
more breeding places of this bird in Skye. There is some reason also for 
supposing that at one time it nested at Mull.—Eb.]} 
Sea Birds Breepine av Scrtty.—Up to last week (July 19th) Gulls 
and Terns haye been breeding at the Scilly Islands. Young birds in all 
