406 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
starts, Robins, Chaffinches, and at least two pairs of Pied Fly- 
catchers. The Pied Flycatcher has a melancholy little “ tweet,” 
very like the Spotted Flycatcher. They dart from the wall, &c., 
just as the Spotted Flycatcher does. ‘They are a trifle more 
sprightly, not quite so downcast-looking as the latter, and evidently 
have the mastery of it. They are naturally very tame. The 
Spotted Flycatcher is far from common. In 1868 I did not see 
one till May 8th, when I saw one in Jonas Wood, near Farnley 
Hall, Wharfedale. This bird feeds its young after they have left 
the nest. It utters a weak, piercing note. 
The Kingfisher is very rare, I should say almost exterminated. 
On March 4th, 1868, I saw one on the River Aire near Bingley; 
and on November 9th, 1870, one at Burrill Wood (350 feet), in a 
narrow ‘“‘clough” with well-wooded sides, sheltered, and one at 
Mickley (175 feet), on the River Ure, where it flows through broad 
meadows. 
The Raven, which has given its name to a great many places, 
is now confined to the wildest and most elevated parts of the 
West Riding. I have only seen it twice. On July 23rd, 1868, 
I picked up a young Raven at Carlton, on the south side of Otley 
Chevin; and one hot day (May 6, 1871), after a wearisome climb 
to the summit of Pen-y-ghent, J. R. Dakyns and myself watched 
a pair wheeling about, croaking hoarsely, at a great height above 
us, doubtless taking us for carrion as we lay motionless upon our 
backs enjoying their beautiful evolutions. * 
1 have never known the Hooded Crow to breed on these hills, 
nor even to stay the summer. In 1868 I saw the first on 
October 20th, at Yeadon Ghyll, and on the moors near Lanshaw 
House (800 feet); in 1869, on October 13th, at Appletreewick, 
Wharfedale ; in 1870, on October 28th, in some fields near Newton 
* Max Miller remarks, “The Emperor Julian, when he heard the Germans 
singing their popular songs on the borders of the Rhine, could compare them to 
nothing but the cries of birds of prey.” The original (in the ‘ Misopogon,’ written 
about a.D. 352) has Tois xpwypors Tay TaD Bowvawy épvibwv, and the Latin 
translation in the Leipsig edition of 1696 has “clangorum quos aspere clamantes 
aves edunt,” while Eugene Talbot, in his French translation, 1863, gives “cris 
rauques de certains oiseaux,” but boldly adds in a foot-note, “ Les corbeaux.” See 
Voltaire, ‘Essai sur les Moeurs,’ Preface. Clangorum is not a good rendering of 
xpwyyecis, for the “ Elegia de Philomela,” which was written 140 years or so before 
Julian wrote the ‘ Misopogon,’ says, ‘‘ Clangunt porro Aquile ... et crocitat Corvus.” 
Crocito is for crocio, Greek xpwlw, xpw&w, to croak as a Raven or Crow, from which 
xp~yvess a croaking noise. 
