408 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
others dark rufous, resembling the colour of a Kestrel; while 
some are intermediate and tinged with both colours. 
The Evejar occurs in the district. On May 8th I started 
one in Jonas Wood, near Farnley Hall, Wharfedale, and I have 
also seen and heard them in the woods under Guy’s Chiff, 
Nidderdale. They begin to migrate early in August, when they 
appear on the coast of Sussex. This, I presume, from its jarring 
noise, is the ‘‘ Gable-ratchet,” its note resembling the noise 
made by a small ratchet-wheel. It has also a piercing, distressed 
note, which sounds from several different places. Like the 
Grasshopper Warbler, this bird seems gifted with ventriloquial 
powers. 
The Swift frequents some of the higher ground. They do 
not associate with Martins, and are never seen in the same air 
together. When Swifts fly high, Martins may be seen nearer the 
ground; but when Swifts are low there are no Martins. Martins 
ascend to the Dale Head. Sand Martins I have seen only twice 
in the district: at Apperley Bridge, Airedale (about 200 feet), 
where they build in the sandy river bank; and on the Ure below 
Tanfield. In a gravel-pit here (150 feet) there was one lenticular 
bed of sand, one foot long by six inches thick in the middle, and 
in this I found a Sand Martin’s nest with eggs on June 12, 1870. 
This bird does not seem to ascend above two or three hundred feet. 
The highest elevation at which I found a Pied Wagtail’s nest was 
1050 feet, near the Dale Head. ‘This was on the face of a lime- 
stone scar, in a tuft of moss covered with long slender grass, six 
feet above the waters of the Nidd; young birds, May 21, 1871. 
The hole was bored into the clump of moss from low down in the 
side; nest made of grass. Pied Wagtails arrive in parties of forty 
or fifty early in April. On March 11th, 1868, I saw a pair of Grey- 
headed Wagtails beside the canal near Manningham. Striking 
points are the head being a much meee grey than the back, and 
the small size of the bird. 
The Titlark breeds on the moors, especially on the grassy 
moors. I give the descriptions of three nests, taken down from 
nature in 1871 :— 
No. 1. Near Carlton, Coverdale, N.W., 1000 feet, May 19.— 
Open grassy moorside bank above little running stream. Bent- 
grass nest, round; five eggs. Internal diameter, 23 inches. 
Length of eggs, ‘75 in.; breadth, *6 in.; ochreous ground, thickly 
