282 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
including one “free martin,” which here simply means a barren 
cow, aud not one born at the same time as a bull-calf, for two at a 
birth is unknown in the wild herd. In Cole’s time the herd 
numbered over one hundred and twenty, and in October, 1872, the 
herd was said to contain between sixty and seventy head.* Some 
of the ground has since been shut off, their run being now about 
1100 acres, though they never go within two hundred feet or more 
of the top of the hill. Two years ago they numbered seventy, but 
a bad winter (? 1875-6) reduced them. An old cow had died a few 
days before my visit, from having been strained in a bog when weak 
after calving in the bad weather, and having been hurt by another 
beast’s horn. The two youngest calves were about five weeks old. 
Mickie has been at Chillingham twenty-five years, the last 
nineteen of which he has been park-keeper, and he declares he has 
never known a calf born coloured.t The cattle feed much at night. 
One bull whom they had tried with oil-cake when in the hovel had 
eaten it readily ; they do not appear to care for turnip, as they 
never eat what is put in the hovel in winter for the deer. Mickie 
has known as many as fourteen calves born in a twelvemonth, and 
as few as eight. This must, of course, depend on the number of 
adult cows in the herd at the time; but these numbers would, 
I think (allowing for deaths among the calves, of which he says 
there are not many), give a calf every twelvemonth to every fertile 
cow above two years old. None of the cattle here have any black 
on the fetlocks. 
Hamilton.—No orders to visit the High Parks at Hamilton, 
Lanarkshire, the seat of the Duke of Hamilton,{ were given 
during the summer of 1877, on account of the game, but on my 
promise of good behaviour the Duke’s Factor kindly gave me 
one for July 10th. Half a mile, or rather more, from the park-gate 
brings one to the “old oaks of Caledon,” which are, I regret to 
say, rather on their last legs, and there are no young trees to take 
their places. Keeping along the road, I presently found, nearly 
in the corner of their run, some of the cattle, which turned out to 
be the herd of bulls and stots, numbering eighteen, which are kept 
* See ‘The Field,’ 30th November, 1872, p. 529. 
+ “Within a period of thirty-three years about a dozen calyes were born with 
brown and blue spots on the cheek and necks.” Darwin's ‘ Animals and Plants under 
Domestication.’-—Ep. 
{ It is presumed that this is the same park which in some of the older records of 
wild white cattle is called Cadzow.—Ep. 
