BRITISH WHITE WILD CATTLE. 283 
apart from the cows and young calves. By this plan the cows 
avoid being constantly worried by the bulls, and it insures the 
calves being born at a suitable season of the year. The stots are 
inclined to be leggy, while the bulls appeared to be more like 
shorthorns than in either of the other herds. Keeping along the 
road one comes to the cows’ inclosure, separated by a space of fifty 
yards or so from the other. Some little way further on, the cows, 
numbering twenty-five, gradually made their appearance from 
behind some ground on the right, feeding down wind, as the bulls 
had done, in consequence no doubt of the gale of wind which was 
blowing, with driving rain. Presently, as I shifted my position a 
little, three or four of the cows saw me, and stood still looking 
at me. One or two of them lowed, and in a few seconds, from 
behind the rising ground whence the cows had appeared there 
galloped down thirteen calves, single file, and for the most part 
close together, and joined the cows, making the grand total here 
fifty-six. The calves were born during May and June. So far as 
I could make out with the glass, the outsides of the ears of several 
of the cows are white; in the majority of the herd the whole 
muzzle (the hair round the naked part of the nose, and the under 
jaw to correspond) is black. This dissimilarity was accounted for 
by the fact that the herd having got rather low, they had lately been 
keeping every calf to get up the numbers again. All the stots were 
rather defective in their “ points.” Some, perhaps all, of the herd 
are splashed with black about the fetlocks. The cattle-keeper’s wife 
told me that there were three black calves born this year, “ without 
a white hair about them.”* The old lady also said that she had 
“heard tell of coloured ones and spotted ones, just like a common 
cow;” and that “there are mostly about three black ones born 
every year,” which very soon find their way to the butcher’s. The 
wild cows, here especially, appeared to have a greater development 
of muscle on the crest of the neck, just in front of the withers, than 
any tame cows I have noticed. Some years ago some (bulls, I be- 
lieve) were polled, but now they all have horns, which first go out 
sideways, and then up, the tips coming slightly inwards, and not 
having the length or peculiar turn backwards of the Chillingham 
cattle. They all appear to be somewhat broken-haired, as at Chil- 
* The cattle-keeper, whom I saw afterwards, said there were as many as five 
black ones this year. Whether the discrepancy is to be explained by two calves 
having some white about them [ did not ascertain, 
