408 THE ZOOLOGIST. 
to one another, arose four pinnacles, which we estimated to be not 
less than two hundred feet above the water-line. By what means 
icebergs assume these peculiar shapes does not appear to me satis- 
factorily explained. It is evident that subaérial destruction can 
have little or nothing to do with the shaping of these extraordinary 
monuments, and it is difficult to imagine why subaqueous action 
should exert its influence so irregularly, as evidenced in the 
pinnacled bergs of Baffin Bay and Davis Strait. 
On the 28th July we anchored in Foulke Fiord, on the opposite 
side of the bay to where Dr. Hayes wintered in 1860-61. Landing 
near Jensen Point, of Dr. Hayes’ chart,* we ascended a valley 
lying on the north side of the Dodge range of hills. In the 
valley were many traces of Reindeer, shed antlers and footprints 
being common, but we were not so fortunate as to see any of the 
avimals themselves. Some of our companions who landed on 
the south side of Foulke Fiord discovered a herd of Reindeer, and 
secured one. The valley by which we proceeded inland was in 
some parts swampy, but supported a fair amount of vegetation. 
The arctic poppy, Papaver alpinum, was in full bloom, and 
actually made some spots look quite gay with its yellow flowers. 
I also noticed, for the first time, the beautiful Chetranthus 
pygmeus growing on rocky slopes, taking the place in- these 
Arctic wilds of our familiar wallflower. The only birds observed 
inland were a few Snow Buntings in family groups, the old birds 
of which were putting on their winter plumage. Beside a marshy 
rill, six Knots, Tringa canutus, were seen, and one of them secured. 
No doubt these latter birds were breeding in the vicinity. [I was 
somewhat astonished at the time to meet with two butterflies 
(Argynnis chariclea), a large bee (Bombus balteatus), a crane-fly, 
Tipula arctica, and another fly which was very abundant, 
standing dead on stones near streams. I could not understand 
how the last-named resisted being swept away by the force of the 
winds, until I discovered that each dead fly adhered by its 
proboscis so firmly to the stone that the head parted from the 
body when an attempt was made to disengage it. Numerous 
traces of Eskimo inhabitants were observed during our wanderings 
inland, especially fox-traps, in one of which I found a fine Blue 
Fox; so it was evident that the Eskimo had only recently left the 
neighbourhood. 
* «The Open Polar Sea,’ p. 96. 
