THE ZooLoGisT—JANUARY, 1876. 4741 
flight, and the others follow closely, the placing of their out- 
posts being astonishing. They are also excellent climbers: a 
retreating herd climbed a snow-path at an incline of not less than 
45° on a high mountain near our winter harbour, and to our great 
astonishment we saw one looking down upon us from between 
the craggy walls of Cape Hamburg. 
At the first shot a herd of approaching reindeer will make a 
spring and then stand terrified; the next shot, or the fall of one of 
them, puts the rest to flight. It costs something thus to dispel their 
innocent confidence. Once a reindeer ran hurriedly over the land 
to a boat that was landing: it stood close to us on shore, with its 
head stretched out and its large soft eyes watching us confidingly. 
One of us sprang hastily on shore, and it ran off. On another 
occasion a number of them came close to the tent. Buta scene 
took place, which many of our hunting friends would envy us, in a 
herd near Cape Bennet, in August, 1870. We had just left our 
boat, which we were going to load with seven carcasses which we 
had killed some days before and left behind; but unfortunately 
they had all turned bad, as we had neglected to open them. 
Suddenly there came from twenty to thirty head over the mountain- 
slope, and upon reaching a snow-field all lay down, enticed by the 
refreshing coolness and our own example, as we had just done the 
same thing. As, however, we started to continue our journey, the 
front guard of the reindeer rose to do the same; but it happened 
that one of them—evidently the leader—seemed displeased that 
the greater number took no notice of the movement, as they desired 
to have a little more rest, so it stopped the others, turned back, 
and went to each animal separately, pushing it with its horns, until 
they all stood up and began their march together to a new grazing- 
place. The flesh of the reindeer is good, though somewhat soft 
and spongy. It is plain that these creatures were very useful to 
us, and that without them we should often have been in a sad 
predicament. Unfortunately our furthest and most productive hunt 
took place shortly before we left Greenland, and over against the 
island of Jan Mayen. We had to throw more than a thousand 
pounds of reindeer and musk-oxen flesh overbvard, as the rising 
of the temperature beyond the pack-ice, together with the damp, 
turned it all bad. 
Walrus.—If any creature deserves the name of monster it is the 
walrus. It is from nine feet six inches to sixteen feet six inches 
SECOND SERIES—VOL. XI. c 
