THE ZooLoGist—OcTOoBER, 1876. 5097 
Is this power of perceiving truth a substance or an attribute? 
Intelligence perhaps could not exist without action, action without 
willing, and feeling, yet our own consciousness bears us witness 
that these states are distinct; hence we believe that they are but 
states of one substance. 
We are conscious we are the same individuals we ever were, 
whilst the substance of our bodies is being constantly changed by 
material loss and addition; hence we get one distinct notion of a 
difference between mind and body, namely, that one is always the 
same and indivisible, whilst the other is easily divided and always 
changing. 
Our appeal to consciousness gives us the same answer: we can 
conceive that a mind cannot grow by little bits of substance being 
added to it, whether these possess intelligence or not. 
I am aware that this does not dispose of the question as to 
whether mind itself is not an attribute of life. Intelligence is, 
then, the power of the mind to see the relation of external things 
to its own purposes, and vice versd; but it cannot see or know 
anything beyond its own experience; it cannot grow, save by the 
efforts and experience of the mind to which it belongs. 
I think if we take a clear view of these two conclusions— 
The mind cannot be divided ; 
Its intelligence can only grow by its own efforts and 
experience ; 
and add to them another— 
The mind cannot be prepared before it begins to exist (is 
created) ; 
we shall get rid of a great many indistinct notions which make 
many of the actions of animals appear inexplicable, and the 
direction in which we should seek their solution will be considerably 
restricted. 
The conditions under which intelligence acts divide into two 
heads :— 
First, the organization of the animal to which the intelligence 
belongs; its body, with which it is always associated in time and 
place (so far as we are speaking of it), over the actions of which it 
has great power. This body is its instrament in carrying out its 
ends, and requires constant attention to keep in good repair and 
readiness for use. 
