5098 THE ZooLoGist—OcTOBER, 1876. 
Second, the external world—liable to change in time and 
space—in which it must seek to satisfy its desires. If the animal 
can only perform few actions, the conditions necessary to its 
existence must be easily fulfilled. If, on the contrary, the conditions 
of life are varied and scattered, they require more considerable 
perceptive powers and complicated actions in order to enable an 
animal to avail itself of them; then, according to any theory of 
evolution, the organization of the animal will have been gradually 
fitted to meet those requirements, a more highly developed species 
will be the result, giving conditions for developing a higher degree 
of intelligence. It might be impossible for it to know how to 
perform such complicated action without considerable experience, 
and we find that where a high degree of intelligence is attained a 
more or less lengthened period of parental care is given. The neces- 
sity for parental care no doubt has a powerful reactionary influence 
in stimulating the intelligence of the parent, and may prove the 
elementary condition for developing sympathy into affection. 
But there is a consideration which will show us that evolution, 
if a fact, must implant in every animal a tendency to perform the 
actions most conducive to its existence as a species. 
The most simple animal has to use its intelligence on what 
perceptions it can make. It finds some things suitable for food or 
covering, which it appropriates ; some unsuitable, which it rejects. 
This relationship of the object to the uses of the animal I propose 
to call its purpose, using the word for the object or combination of 
conditions, as well as for the volition of the animal to or from 
them. 
All animals, except the lowest, possess special organs, those of 
sense enabling them to perform those acts by which they recognise 
general qualities of objects, as well as special organs of physical 
movement. When a perception of anything takes place, a con- 
ception is made, including all the sensations received from that 
object, together with whatever purpose or relationship to itself the 
animal may imagine it to have. 
Now if all that part of the organization by which information 
only is obtained has been gradually evolved from species to 
species aS we ascend in the scale, the external conditions which 
brought them into existence must, at the same time, have entirely 
co-ordinated them, with the other active parts of the body, in 
accordance with the purposes of the species. 
SEE 
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