July 21, 1904] 



NATURE 



287 



(p. 343), we learn also from Mr. W. Hill that " As a whole 

 the amorphous material of the Upper Chalk appears to be 

 made up almost entirely of the debris of calcareous 

 organisms." 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 



Dr. Harold .■\. Wilson has been elected senior lecturer 

 in physics at King's College, London, and Mr. S. C. Laws 

 junior lecturer. 



On July 27 Sir Thomas H. Elliott, K.C.B., Secretary to 

 the Board of .-Agriculture, will open the extensions of the 

 Midland Agricultural and Dairy Institute at Kingston-on- 

 Soar. 



Prof. Chantemesse has, at his own request, been trans- 

 ferred to the chair of hygiene at the University of Paris, 

 vacant through the death of Prof. Proust. The chair of 

 experimental pathology thus vacated has been filled by the 

 appointment of Dr. Roger to succeed Prof. Chantemesse. 



We learn from Science that Mrs. Henry Whitman, of 

 Boston, has made public bequests amounting to more than 

 40,000/., including 22,000/. to Radcliffe College and 2000/. 

 10 Harvard University ; and that Mr. George Ehret, of New 

 \'ork, has given 2000/. to the permanent fund of Hamilton 

 College. 



Mr. H. a. Clark, late assistant lecturer in engineering 

 at the University of Leeds, has been appointed head of the 

 engineering department of the Northern Polytechnic Insti- 

 tute, London. Mr. Clark was Ramsbottom scholar at 

 Owens College, Manchester, a Whitworth scholar, and is 

 an associate of the Royal College of Science. 



The first annual report of the University Extension Guild 

 has now been published. The object of the association, 

 which was founded last December, is " to promote among 

 all classes, at times convenient to all, the extension of 

 university teaching." The report states that the work 

 accomplished and the influence e.xerted by the guild have 

 been considerable, and give great hopes of success in the 

 future. The honorary secretary of the guild is Mr. Max 

 Judge, 7 Pall Mall, S.W. 



The Montgomery County Council recently discussed a 

 resolution, passed at the Swansea conference of county 

 council delegates, recommending to county councils the 

 establishment of schc-'s of forestry, and the 4,iving of grants 

 10 existing colleges. »he chairman said all are agreed that 

 planting is a very desirable agricultural improvement, and 

 that the management of woods in many cases leaves much 

 to be desired. It would be, he continued, for the advantage 

 of the country if the council provided forestry instruction 

 in addition to the instruction they had provided in other 

 branches of rural pursuits, and at his suggestion delegates 

 were appointed by the council to attend a conference to be 

 held for the purpose of discussing the question. 



The Prince of Wales, who was accompanied by the 

 Princess of Wales, on July 16 laid the foundation-stone of 

 the new buildings of the Working Men's College, which was 

 founded by h". U. .Maurice. The plans of the new buildings 

 show a hall to accommodate 250 persons, common rooms, 

 club rooms, and gymnasium for the students, a library fitted 

 for 10,000 books, and a museum. There are added electrical 

 and chemical laboratories, with which the old college was 

 not equipped. .Altogether there is teaching space provided 

 for 700 students. Replying to an address — read by the 

 principal of the college. Prof. A. V. Dicey — the Prince of 

 Wales expressed his cordial sympathy with the aims and 

 objects of the college, which are to bring within reach of 

 the working classes the means of knowledge and culture. 

 As the Prince of Wales said later, " the Working Men's 

 College has seen its aims fulfilled and its pioneer work 

 taken up and extended by those numerous and great insti- 

 tutions for commercial and technical instruction which have 

 been established in the capital and in all parts of the 

 Empire." 



The importance of establishing a national school of 

 forestry was recently urged by the Association of Chambers 

 of Commerce. The following reply has been sent to the 

 association bv .Sir Thomas Elliott, on behalf of the Board 



of Agriculture :— " The President of the Board of Agri- 

 culture and Fisheries fully recognises the importance which 

 attaches to the question of afforestation and to the provision 

 of a national system of instruction in forestry. Steps have 

 already been taken in more than one direction to give effect 

 to the recommendations of the departmental committee 

 which was appointed in 1902, under the chairmanship of 

 Mr. R. C. Monro Ferguson, M.P., to inquire into the 

 subject. Through the agency of the Comiriissioners of 

 \\oods and Forests a school of forestry has been established 

 in the Forest of Dean, and a movement is on foot for 

 securing a suitable area of land in Scotland for the purpose 

 of demonstrating scientific forestry. The Board has taken 

 steps to secure the establishment of at least tv/o lectureships 

 in forestry in England, and some of the leading universi- 

 ties and agricultural colleges have been giving attention 

 to proposals under this head. The agricultural departments 

 of the University College of North Wales, Bangor, and of 

 the Durham College of Science, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 

 appeared to offer special advantages as centres of instruc- 

 tion in forestry, and grants in aid of the establishment of 

 schemes of education in the subject will be made by the 

 Board to those institutions. The Board hopes that the 

 arrangements thus made v.ill result in a considerable im- 

 provement of the facilities available in this country for the 

 acquirement of a knowledge of practical forestry." 



The following are among the awards of Carnegie 

 research fellowships, scholarships, and grants for the 

 academic year 1904-5, under the Carnegie trust, for the 

 universities of Scotland :— .Fellowships. — Physical, D. B 

 McQuistan ; Chemical, C. E. Fawsitt, Dr. J. c' Irvine 

 W. .Maitland ; Biological, J. Cameron, Dr. F. H a' 

 Marshall, H. J. Watt ; Pathological, C. H. Browning 

 J. C. G. Ledingham, S. A. K. Wilson. Scholarships.— 

 Physical, P. D. Innes, H. W. Malcolm, J. H. Maclagan 

 ■Wedderburn, J. R. Milne; Chemical, Adam Cameron 

 W. A. K. Christie, F. W. Gray, J. Johnston, F. J. Wilson] 

 J. Wood ; Biological, Margaret T. Hamilton, W. D. 

 Henderson; Agricultural, S. F. Ashby, C. Carter; Physio- 

 logical, J. S. Rose; Pathological, C. M. Campbell, R. D. 

 Keith, W. G. Rodger. Grants.— P/iyjiVa/, G. A 

 Carse, Prof. MacGregor, T. Oliver, W. Peddle; Chemical, 

 Prof. G. G. Henderson and Dr. Gray, Dr. A. N. Meldrum • 

 Biological, Dr. J. H. Ashworth, Dr. J. Beard, Cyril Crossl 

 land, Prof. J. Cossar Ewart, Prof. Paterson, Dr. John 

 Rennie, W. G. Smith, Dr. D. Waterston, Dr. J. H. Wilson, 

 Prof. R. Patrick Wright and A. N. M'Alpine; Anatomical, 

 E. B. Jamieson ; Pharmacological, Prof. R. Stockman ; 

 Pathological, Dr. J. K. Love, E. Bramwell, Prof. Carstairs 



C. Douglas, A. H. Edwards, Dr. A. Goodall, J. M. Kirk- 

 ness. Prof. Robert Muir, Peter Paterson, W. B. Inglis 

 Pollock, B. P. Watson, Dr. J. M. Bowie, Dr. James Scott, 



D. C. Watson. The twenty-four scholarships, twelve 

 fellowships, and thirty-five grants awarded for 1904-5 

 amount in all to 5300/. The amount expended by the trust 

 under this scheme for 1903-4 was 3400/. 



NO. I 81 2, VOL. 70] 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 



London. 



Royal Society, May 19.— " On the Liquefied Hydrides of 

 Phosphorus, Sulphur, and the Halogens as Conducting Sol- 

 vents." Parts i. and ii. By D. M'Intosh, B. D. Steele, 

 and E. H. Archibald. Communicated by Sir William 

 Ramsay, K.C.B. 



In this paper the behaviour of phosphuretted hydrogen, 

 sulphuretted hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, bromide, and 

 iodide as conducting solvents has been investigated, and, 

 in order to try and explain certain abnormalities in the 

 variation of conductivity with concentration of their solu- 

 tions, the following physical constants have been deter- 

 mined, (i) The vapour pressure curves from which the 

 melting and boiling points are obtained. (2) The densities 

 at various temperatures. (3) The molecular surface energies ; 

 from these it is seen that the hydrides of phosphorus and 

 chlorine when liquefied are more or less associated to form 

 complex molecules, whereas the remaining compounds occur 

 as simple molecules. (4) The viscosity temperature co- 

 efficient. This was measured in order to -^ompare with 



