September i, 1904] 



NA TURE 



427 



Anthropology. 



*Read, C. H.— Age of Stone Circles £"40 



'Cunningham, Prof. D. J. — Anthropometric Investi- 

 gations 10 



*Evans, A. J. — Excavations on Roman Sites in Britain 10 



Evans, Sir J. — Excavations in Crete 75 



and unexpended balance 

 Macalister, Prof. .\. — .\nthropometry of Native 



Egyptian Troops 10 



*Munro, Dr. R. — Glastonbury Lake Village ... Balance 



in hand 

 *TyIor, Prof. E. B. — .Anthropological Teaching Balance 



in hand 

 Vhysiology. 

 *Gotch, Prof. — Metabolism of Individual Tissues ... 30 

 and unexpended balance 

 'Halliburton, Prof. W. D.— State of Solution of 



Proteids 20 



Schafer, Prof. — The Ductless Glands 40 



Botany. 



Scott, Dr. D. H. — Structure of Fossil Plants 50 



*Ward, Prof. H. Marshall — Physiology of Heredity ... 35 



Miall, Prof. — Botanical Photographs ... ... ... J 



Educational Science. 

 Magnus, Sir P. — Studies suitable for Elementary 

 Schools ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 20 



Corresponding Societies. 

 *\Vhitaker, W. — Corresponding Societies Committee... 20 



;£^I000 



The concluding meeting of the Association was held 

 in the Senate House on August 24, the President being 

 in the chair. 



Sir J. Evans moved a vote of thanl<s to the 

 Vice-Chancellor of the university and to the Mayor 

 and Corporation of Cambridge for their reception of 

 the -Association, and for the use of the municipal and 

 university buildings ; also to the chairman of the 

 County Council of Cambridge and the Isle of Ely for 

 their assistance on behalf of the Association. 



The Vice-Chancellor (Dr. Chase) replied for the 

 university, the Mayor of Cambridge on behalf of the 

 corporation, and Mr. E. S. Fordham on behalf of the 

 county council. 



Votes of thanks to the local committee and to the 

 gentlemen and public bodies who had extended their 

 hospitalitv to the .Association were also carried. 



.\t the suggestion of Mr. Balfour, Prof. George 

 Darwin, the president of the meeting to be held next 

 year in South .Africa, made a few remarks, in the 

 course of which he said that he was deeply sensible 

 of the compliment that had been paid to him in nomin- 

 ating him for the oflfice of president of the British 

 Association, but he felt that he had exceptional diffi- 

 culties to face. It was not only that for one year he 

 had been nominated to serve as the figure-head of 

 British science, but on this occasion he would have 

 to act as a sort of ambassador for science in the home 

 country to budding science in South .Africa. Cam- 

 bridge was a university of many centuries' standing; 

 and South .Africa had aspirations that her universities 

 should in future be as great. But there was a long 

 road to travel before that hope could be fulfilled. One 

 of the objects of the .Association's visit to South Africa 

 was to aid her in achieving those aspirations. The 

 visit might do much good in helping local men to 

 foster their institutions for higher education and for 

 the prosecution of science. 



Mr. Balfour said that there could not be a more 

 fitting conclusion to Prof. Darwin's speech than to 

 announce, as he now did, that the meeting was 

 adjourned until .August 15, 1905, at Cape Town. 



' Reappointed. 



NO. i8i8, VOL. 70] 



SECTION E. 



geography. 



Opening .Address by Docglas W. Fresmfield, President 



OF THE Section. 



On Mountains and Mankind. 

 .\ Geographer or traveller who has been called upon to 

 preside over the meetings of our Section of the British 

 .Association may be excused for feeling some hesitation as 

 to the character he shall give to the Address which custom 

 compels him to deliver. He cannot but be aware that his 

 imdience, while it includes not a few experts, probably far 

 better qualified than himself to take the Chair, is composed 

 mainly of those whose concern in Geography can only be 

 a general and occasional one. 



To compose a summary of the geographical events of the 

 year would be a simple and obvious expedient, were I not 

 conscious that in this I have been forestalled by the in- 

 defatigable President of the Royal Geographical Society. 

 To consider the progress of geography, during, say, the last 

 quarter of a century, might be instructive to " the general." 

 On the other hand, on his special subject your President 

 may possibly be able to add something to the common stock 

 by way of observation or suggestion. 



Bearing in mind the, from the point of view of posterity, 

 almost excessive energy with which the nineteenth century 

 carried on the exploration of the globe, narrowing in every 

 direction the field left to our explorations and our imagin- 

 ations, 1904 may so far be counted as an " annus mirabilis " 

 in the annals of Geography. We have seen the successful 

 return, if not as yet to our own shores, to safe seas, of the 

 most important e.xpedition ever sent South Polewards. In 

 the success obtained by Captain Scott and his comrades, we 

 have welcomed a full justification of the course taken in 

 putting the supreme command and direction of the under- 

 taking in the hands of an otlficer of His Majesty's Navy. 

 " England expects every man to do his duty," and I will 

 not indulge in hyperbolical praise, which must be distasteful 

 to men who have shown in trying circumstances the daring, 

 the cheerfulness, and the resourcefulness which we are 

 accustomed to associate with the British Navy. We have 

 every reason to expect that the results obtained by the 

 energetic and capable men of science attached to the expedi- 

 tion will be of wide bearing and interest, but to attempt 

 to estimate them to-day would be obviously premature. 



The current year has been distinguished by a, perhaps, 

 even more remarkable geographical event. His Majesty s 

 Government, not satisfied with the laurels it has won in the 

 -Antarctic, has embarked on a second geographical adventure 

 on a larger scale and at a far greater cost (which, however, 

 will presumably be borne by India). It has sent forth a 

 Gold Medallist of the Royal Geographical Society, Colonel 

 Vounghusband, with a numerous escort to reach the for- 

 bidden capital of Tibet. The saffron-vested monks on the 

 " golden terraces " of the Pota La have seen the glimmer 

 of British bayonets on the horizon, and the castle-palaces of 

 Lhasa will, we hope, open to the military explorer their 

 mysterious halls, hitherto known to us best by the descrip- 

 tions of that entertaining traveller, my friend Chandra Das. 

 But the fruits of these great expeditions are not yet ripe. 

 I must leave them to be plucked by my successors. I do 

 so with regret, for I should have listened with a peculiar 

 interest to an account of the fascinating land, over whose 

 peaks and pastures I lately gazed from the Pisgah heights 

 of the Jonsong La. 



To review the progress of Geography during the last 

 twenty-five years, the time that has passed since I first 

 joined the Council of the Royal Geographical Society, is 

 tempting. The retrospect would on the whole be 

 encouraging. The past quarter of a century, if not an era 

 of the most extensive discoveries, has been an era of profit- 

 able occupation — I mean profitable in the scientific and not 

 in the commercial sense, though the two are frequently 

 connected — of the ground seized by the great pioneers in 

 .Africa, in the backlands of North .America, and elsewhere. 

 .And when we come to consider the manner in which the 

 results of modern exploration are recorded, what an advance 

 we find ! Compare the geographical publications of Great 

 Britain in 1880 and 1004 : take the most conspicuous 

 instance, those of the Royal Geographical Society at the 



