572 



NA TURE 



[October 6, 1904 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 

 The degree of Doctor of Science has been conferred upon 

 Sir William Ramsay by Columbia University. 



Dr. F. Cavers, lecturer in biology and botany at the 

 Plymouth Technical Schools, has been appointed to the 

 vacant professorship in biology at the Hartley University 

 College, Southampton. 



It is reported in Science that Prof. E. Wichert, of 

 Gottingen, has been appointed to a chair of physics at 

 Konigsberg ; Prof. Eduard Bruckner, of Bern, has been 

 elected professor of geography at Halle. 



Prof. Hugh L. Callendar, F.R.S., will deliver an 



address to-day at the Victoria and Albert Museum on the 



occasion of the distribution of prizes, medals, &c., to 

 students of the Royal College of Science. 



We learn from Science that by the will of the late Dr. 

 Henry Tuck, Harvard University will receive one fourth of 

 the estate should his children not survive. The estate is 

 valued at 1,000,000/. The effort to raise necessary funds 

 towards the 30,000/. required for the new Eastman building 

 of Rochester University, to be used for biology and physics, 

 has been successful. Of the desired amount, the sum of 

 24,000/. is in hand, including 3000/. contributed by Mr. 

 Hiram W. Sibley. Mr. Eastman, of Rochester, has given 

 12,000/. to the fund. 



For the purpose of furthering the cause of education in 

 the Transvaal, Mr. Alfred Beit has presented to the Govern- 

 ment the Frankenwald estate, situated 12J miles north-east 

 of Johannesburg. The area of the estate is 1000 acres. The 

 Government has purchased an adjoining piece of ground 

 of 1000 acres, and Mr. Beit has spent an additional sum of 

 10,000/. himself on acquiring more ground. The total area 

 available will thus be 2600 acres, a large portion of which 

 is planted as orchards, vineyards, and nurseries, and part 

 with timber trees, making the site admirably adapted for 

 an agricultural college. 



The Board of Education has issued the following list of 

 successful candidates for royal exhibitions, national scholar- 

 ships, and free studentships (science) : — Royal Exhibitions : 

 Albert Eagle, Henley-on-Thames ; Sidney H. E. May, Ports- 

 mouth ; William B. Wood, Sheerness-on-Sea ; Edmund W. 

 Spalding, Cambridge ; Joseph Lloyd, Pembroke Dock ; 

 Albert E. Monkcom, Portsmouth ; John S. G. Thomas, 

 Morriston, Swansea. National Scholarships for Mechanics : 

 Sidney R. Dight, Plymouth ; Harold H. Perring, Devon- 

 port ; Stewart S. Spears, Sheerness-on-Sea; Edwin M. 

 Vigers, Plymouth ; Thomas A. Colvill, Chatham. Free 

 Studentships for Mechanics : Arthur G. London, Southsea ; 

 Bert H. Penn, London. National Scholarships for Physics : 

 John F. Mitchell, Cathcart, N.B. ; Tom Harris, London ; 

 Harry Moore, Bradford; Hubert Watson, Darwen ; Frank 

 P. Fuller, London. Free Studentships for Physics : David 

 C. Jones, Bala, N. Wales; Lucy Alcock, London. National 

 Scholarships for Chemistry : John Keegan, Burnley : Harold 

 Talbot, Farnley, Leeds ; Charles Salter, Leeds ; Alexander 

 M. Hird, South Woodford, Essex; Herbert W. King, South 

 Tottenham ; Frank D. Miles, Carlisle. Free Studentships 

 for Chemistry : Harold Mountain, London ; Alan C. Webber, 

 Brighton. National Scholarships for Biology ; Frederick 

 J. F. Shaw, London; Frederick J. Bridgman, London; 

 Arthur B. Lister, Burnley. National Scholarships for 

 Geology: Thomas Reed, Burnley; Herbert G. Smith, 

 Burnley ; Henry J. Jeffery, London. 



SOCIETIES AND ACADEMIES. 

 Paris. 

 Academy of Sciences, September 26. — M. Mascart in the 

 chair. — On a cause of variability of the errors of division 

 in certain graduated circles : G. Big^ourdan. It is usual 

 to cut the actual graduations on a circle of silver let in to 

 a support of another metal, such as brass or cast iron. The 

 errors of graduation in astronomical instruments are usually 



NO. 1823, \^OL. 70] 



determined once and assumed to remain constant, but it is 

 now shown that owing to the differences between the co- 

 eflicients of expansion of the metal and its support consider- 

 able errors may arise. Cast iron should not be used as the 

 supporting metal, brass or bronze being preferable, but it 

 would be belter to drop the use of silver, which tarnishes 

 rapidly in towns, and make the whole circle of one metal, 

 a nickel-steel for preference. — The Perseids in 1904 : 

 Lucien Libert. Observations were carried out at Havre 

 from August 11 to 20 under good conditions; 339 meteors 

 were counted, and 93 trajectories determined. — On the 

 energy dissipated in iron by hysteresis at high frequencies : 

 Ch. Eug. Guye and A. Schidlof. It has been shown in a 

 preceding note that the loss of energy in iron due to 

 hysteresis may be represented as a quadratic function of the 

 frequency, provided that the wires are of small diameter. 

 It has now been found that if the wires are made still 

 thinner, 00038 cm., the equation becomes sensibly linear. 

 In other words, the energy consumed per cycle, for 

 the limits of frequency used in the experiments, is indepen- 

 dent of the speed with which the magnetisation cycle is 

 carried out. — The constitution and properties of the tungsten 

 steels : L^on Guillet. Tungsten steels fall into two groups — 

 perlitic steels, which possess analogous properties with those 

 of carbon steels, but which take a greater breaking load 

 the higher the proportion of tungsten, and double carbide 

 steels, the properties of which are nearlv independent of the 

 percentage of tungsten, and the fragility of which is in- 

 dependent of the amount of carbon. — Carbinol salts and 

 cyclohexanerosanilines : phenomena of decoloration : Jules 

 Schmidlin. 



CONTENTS. PAGE 



The North Polar Seas. By H. B. W 549 



Forest Engineering 550 



Natural History of Common Animals. By F. W. H. 551 

 Our Book Shelf :— 



Barwise : "The Purification of Sewage" 552 



Luciani : " Physiologic des Menschen " 552 



Buchenau : " Krilische Nachtriige zur Flora der 



Nordwestdeutschen Tiefebene " 55^ 



Letters to the Editor : — 



Radioactivity and London Clay. — S. Skinner . , . 553 

 Cecil's Gas Engine. — Rev. F. J. Jervis-Smith, 



F.R.S 553 



The Iris and the Colour Sense.— W. P. G 553 



Electrolytic Oxidation.— Herbert A. Kittle .... 553 

 Developments of Three-colour Photographic 



Processes. I. By Chapman Jones 553 



Reflexions in Water. (Ilhulrated.) By Edwin Edser 555 



Notes 557 



Our Astronomical Column : — 



The South Temperate Spots on Jupiter 560 



A Rapidly Moving Solar Prominence 560 



Publications of the Groningen Astronomical Labor- 

 atory 5^ 



The Goodsell Observatory Expedition to the Rocky 



Mountains 560 



Anthropology at the British Association 561 



Botany at the British Association 565 



Education at the British Association. By G. F. D. 567 



The Opening of the Medical Session 570 



The Education of a Chemist. By Sir William 



Ramsay, K.C.B., F.R.S 570 



The Grain in Photographic Films. (Illiistialed.) . . 571 



The Duchess of Sutherland's School at Golspie . 571 



University and Educational Intelligence 572 



Societies and Academies 572 



