September 5. 1918J 



NATL RE 



T 



75 million h.p. 11 -■ d for fa : genei al 



idustrial and municipal activities, a rough a] 

 lation of the mosl probabli distribution would appeal 



Millions oi h.p. 



An estimate bj the Dominion Water-Power Branch 

 of the Canadian Department of the Interior outlines 

 th^ hydraulic situation of the various countries as 



follows : — 



annual consumptio . ,,, its various com- 



binations i- aboul , , presenting a 



value of ahoui 50, di mand is tn- 



early. Four-fifths ol this supply lias been 

 produced hitherto from na , i al deposits, bu! 



di posits, and 

 diminution in the fertilit; oi of the great 



worldj the 

 11 tion of artificial fei tili-< rs 01 hei s\ s- 



"I nitrogen fixation must, future, 



become a qui istion of n itii inal impi u 1 



At th'- present time the world's consumption of 

 fertilisers amounts in ,1,1s. upon 6,000,000 

 annum, and this will probably be doubled within the 

 next twenty years. To-day the efficiency of thi 

 trical production is low, amounting in the e; 

 calcium nitrate to about three-quarters of a ton per 



I ,<ka (area about half million sq. miles). 

 - ion ccnsus-f-12 per cent 



* Canada " A "' : 3,coo,ooo sq. miles taken is the area treated in the Conserv 

 ! may evuect 10 Fee fairly thickly settled during the next few decades. This in 

 te area of the whole Dominioi mile* The powe.s given are a 1 



* Canada I; . populated portion of the Dominion. 



■ Britain is almost ertainly much boo high, 

 ni estimate by the Ministry of Waj 5 of t ommutncaiiofj (Electrical Review, February 



n's estimate of 

 indicated by " 



IQ.S,. 



. ler-power, and the 

 and the 3.ooo,ooo populatit 



■ ni this it appears th and 16 millions 



of the world's industrial horse-power is at presenl 

 developed from hydraulic resources. The following 

 -bows approximately the hydraulic power de- 

 veloped in the various regions, and also the ratio 

 of this to the total industrial horse-power, excluding 

 railways : — 



... 

 Percentage of total indus- 

 trial \. 



00S 

 06 



6-5 



27-0 



70 

 24 o 



2"0 

 33° 



Perhaps the mosl interesting feature of thesi tables 

 ts the • xtremely small proportion of available hydraulic 

 power developed in the United Kingdom. Ii is the 

 mosl backward in this all the countries 



pi Russia, and its 8 1 p. 1 eent. compares 

 unfavourably with th. t ;4 per cent, ol 

 Germain . 



Nitrogen Fixation. In thi utilisation of attno- 

 ric nitrogen for the production of nitric acid 

 and the manufacture of nitrates, great develop- 

 ments have taken place during the last decade, 



and in Norway alone moie 1h.u1 400,0 i.h.p. 



is now absorbed m it- production. The world's 

 XO. 2549, VOL. I02] 



e. h.p. -year. By adopting the cyanamide process the 

 consumption of energy may be cut down to about one- 

 fourth, but even in this case the production of the 

 equivalent of 12,000,000 Ions of fertilisers per annum 



1, ul, I require 4,000,000 continuous e.h.p. 



It is estimated that the 200,000,000 acres of arable 

 land in Canada alone may ultimately require some 

 10,000,000 tons of nitrates per annum to maintain their 

 fertility, and this in itself would necessitate the ab- 

 sorption of an appreciable 1 rtion 61 thi whole 

 hydraulic energy of the Domii 



Cost of Hydraulic Power. \n examination of some 

 [20 European installations -how- that for large in- 

 stallations of upward- 1 to, e.h.p. the minimum 



cost of the hydraulic works is S-4/. per h.p. installed. 

 and the maximum 79-6Z. per h.p. For the majority 

 of the installations he cost Iies,between 23Z. and 45I. 

 Ih. cost of the electrical generators, switchboards, 

 etc., and transmission lines also varies greatly, rang- 

 ing from i-2-/. to 28-4!. per h.p., while the cost of the 

 turbines ran - from al. to 81. oer h.p. The working 

 . , ists 1 ■■! !| ■ een 1;,/. and on/, per e.h.p.-i i ti 

 .due of 3I. From 1 hese figui es i1 

 erage, making an allowance of 

 cnt. i thd depreciation thi cos 



.mi is in ■ the neighbourhood of 10-5/. 



In many installation-, however, th. c - ven 



much less than thi-. The Ontario Pi Company, 



tmole, is able to supply powei Hydro- 



Electric Commission of Ontario at - ei e.h.p. per 



