September 12, 1918] 



NATURE 



39 



depths, reaching, maybe, the ooze in company with 

 sinking foreign bodies. The) migrate in the vast, 

 moving ocean currents towards northern lands, where 

 remain a» mariro others enter the 



mouths of rivers and b ] ' , '•• "' ''" 



fresh-water medium they knew in Antarctica, while 

 still others are stranded on the littoral, whence, in a 

 dry condition, they maj be transported by wind to a 

 new soil, assuming, " perhap-, the characters of 

 anaerobic bacteria, ["he cycli centuries or geological 



periods in duration begins I ' "•" 1 a tem - 



Ues amutof, 

 fusion or sporulation of the original organisms, rise 

 on dust-mo join again the bacteria of the 



upper air, once more liable to enter the current flow- 

 ing continuously towards the southern pole of the 



A. I.. McLean. 



UNIVERSITY AND EDUCATIONAL 

 INTELLIGENCE. 

 I111 sum of 500,000!. has !"■ n given to the Univer- 

 >it\ .it Chicago bj Mr. La Verm Noyes for the pur- 

 pose of tin' education of soldiers and sailors and their 

 descendants after the war, and for instruction in 

 ,in history and the publii duties of citizenship. 

 Major E. W. Caldwell, who died from burns re- 

 sulting from experiments with X-rays, has left from 

 two 1 iiist fund- upbn the death ol life tenants provi- 

 sion for a foundation in general educational work in 

 Columbia University. His estah is valued at more 



Dr. E. II. Bradford has just retired from the posi- 

 tion of dean of the Harvard Medical School. He has 

 been associated with the faculty of the school for 

 thirty- . and an Edward Hickling Bradford 



fellowship in bi- honour was recently founded by an 

 anonymous donor id 51100!. 



Announcemeni is ni.nl' by tin South-Western Poly- 

 technic Institute, Chelsea, of courses in science and 

 engineering, analytical and manufacturing chemistry, 

 pharmacy, dispensing, food ami drugs, metallurgy, 

 ng and foundry work, botany, geology, and 

 zoology*. For further particulars applii .iiion should be 

 secretary of th< ti 

 Dr. C. Stephenson, of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, has 

 bequeathed the sum of 5000/. to the Royal Veterinary 

 College, London, for the foundation of a Clement 

 1 scholarship; 5000L to Vrmstrong College, 

 Newcastle-upon-Tyn< ; and 5000Z. to the Victoria 

 Benevolent Institution, London, to provide assistano 

 rvihg widows and families of veterinary 

 .11-. 



ding to Pan's Midical, the French universi- 

 ties have recently acquired for the first time the power 

 ferring honorary degrees. Thi recipients are to 

 be foreigners who have done signal service to learn- 

 ■ nice, or to the unh ersity. In the case ol 

 lating to am iiariaulat facultv, an absolute 

 irity of the facultv and a two-thirds majority of 

 ih.' Senate will be required.; in other cases the Senate 

 will have to give it- app wo separate meet- 



In all rases Ministerial approval will be 



K connection with the department of technical optics 



of the Imperial College of Science and Technology, 



South Kensington, lecture com-'- have been arranged 



General Opti< -." bj Prof. F. J. 



1 heshire ; Optical Des [ning and < Computing, 



nputing." "Workshop and 



■ , and '■ Min scopes and Micro- 



2550, VOL, 102"' 



scopic Vision," each by Prof. A. E. Conrady ; and 



"The Construction, Theory, and 1 - of Optical 



Measuring Instruments,' by Mr. L. C. Martin. 



Inquirii should be addressed to 



Two tar colour 



chemistry was instituted al tie H technical 



College to provide specialised chemi ching with 



research facilities for the sudden influ: i chemists 

 consequent on the enormous developm olour 



industi j in I [uddet sfii Id. The d< ma id for fully 

 a chemists is now more insistent than i er, and 

 the recent appointment of Dr. H. II. Hod-- to the 

 headship of the above department is a matter of note- 

 worthy interest. Dr. Hodgson enters bis new sphere 



ivities after nearlj three years' successful - 

 as chief chemist for 'one of the largest firms of 

 chemical manufacturers in the country. Prior to his 

 industrial engagement he was head of the chemical 

 lepartment at the Northern Polytechnic Institute in 

 London. He is the author of numerous original con- 

 tributions to chemical literature, as well as the trans- 

 lator of five important technological books. 



Tn the recently published "Handbook of Classes 

 and Lectures for Teachers" full particulars are given 

 of some sixty-two courses of lectures arranged by the 

 London County' Council to be given during the school- 

 vear 1918-19, primarilv for teachers employed in 

 teaching within the administrative County of London. 

 Teachers emploved elsewhere will be admitted where 

 accommodation 'permits, but they will be expected to 

 pay an inclusive fee of ~s. in respect of each course 

 instead of merelv a registration fee of is. demanded 

 from London teachers. Among the courses arranged 

 may be mentioned that bv distinguished authorities 

 on " different branches of science dealing with the 

 application of their science to problems of national 

 life and industry. On October 12 Prof. W.J. Pope 

 will lecture on the national aspects of chemistry; on 

 November 2 Prof. W. W. Watts on geology, with 

 special relation to national life; on November 10 Sir 

 A D. Hall, K.C.B., on the relation of agriculture 

 to the urban population; on December 7 Dr. II. 

 Eltringham on insect-carriers of diseasi ; on 

 January 25, iqiq. Prof. W. E. Dalby on engim 

 with special reference to its relations with our national 

 life; on February 15 Dr. A. Schuster on pure science 

 in relation to the national life; and on March S 

 Prof I B. Farmer on some aspects ol the ruDDer- 

 growing industry. The lectures will be given in 

 every ?ase at 11 a.m. at the Regent Street Poly- 

 technic, except Prof. Dalby's, which will be at the 

 Cih and Guilds Engineering College of the Imperial 

 College of Science and Technology, Exhibition Road, 

 South K< nsingfpn, S V - >ther courses in science 



include five 'lectures in the spring term by Su 

 Rickman 1. Godlee, Bart., K.C.V.O., on surgery 

 past and present; eight lectures, commencing 

 Tanuarv 21. IQ io. at 5.50 p.m., at Kings College b> 

 Prof W I> Halliburton, on the principles of dieting, 

 with' special to reduction of food in war- 



time- a nd ti lectures on warfare among the lowei 

 animal-, b\ Prof. A. Bendy, commencing on 

 ,. ai 5.30 p.m., at King's College. 

 Tin issues of the British Medical Journal and the 

 foi August 31 were concerned alrm 

 with descriptions of the facilities available in th< B 

 [sles for medical education in its differen branches, 

 its are provided in both cases with detailed and 

 mil particulars of how to D : ,V". . '''," 



in medicine and surfen 1 he various British 

 universities, as well as how to secure professional 



