October 31, [918 



NATURE 



'/I 



NOTES. 



The fourul tf&nsffer 61 S.tonehenge bj Mi ill. ] 



Chub}, of Salisbury, in the nation, eepresentep bj thi 



Commissioner of Works, oh saturdaj lalsf, was 



. simple but effective ceremony. One of the Tiori- 



al stones in the centre mad< a good platform, with 



great monolith replaced bj Prof. fjowland as a 

 background. Mr. Chubb made a njpdesl ami interest- 

 ing speech as to the motives which had inspired him 

 to make this generous and patriotic gift to the 

 nation, believing that so ancient a monument should 

 tmnds. H' presented the 

 deed ol giil to Sir AMY. d Mond, who, in accepting it, 

 said he was authorised by the Prime Minister to ex- 



- his personal appreciation of Mr. Chubb 's public 

 spirit. He gave great satisfaction by stating that it 



his intention to make a sunken fence in lieu of 

 the wire fence now existing, which interferes to some 

 I with the view ■ nf the monument. Sir Alfred 

 Mond wa< accompanied b> Sir Lionel Earle and by 

 Mr. Peers, the Chief Inspector of Ancient Monuments. 

 Sir H. C. Sclater, the General Commanding in Chief 

 the Southern Command, said that the military 

 authorities would co-operate with the Office of Works 

 in protecting the monument. Other addresses were 

 delivered by Sir C. Hercules Read, Sir Arthur Evans, 

 and Mr. I lew aril Bell (representing the Wiltshire 

 Archaeological Societv). Mr. Chubb 's gift comprises 

 not onlv Stonehenge itself, but also thirty acres of land 

 surrounding it, the possession of which will be useful 

 to the Office of Works- in the measures it proposes to 

 take for preserving and protecting the monument. 



\i >m ik \i sir Albert Hastings Markham, K.C.B., 

 whose death occurred on Monday last, did much for 

 the furtherance of knowledge in the Arctic regions, 

 [•altering the Navy in 1856, when he was fifteen years 

 of age, he saw- considerable service in the East before 

 the fascination of polar exploration appealed to him, 

 mainly through a paper which the late Admiral Sir 

 iril Osborn read before the Roval Geographical 



etj in 1N65. He was afterwards entrusted by the 

 Admiral with the command of the whaler Arctic, in 

 which he carried out a cruise to Baffin's Bay and the 

 • iulf of Boothia. In 1875 he was appointed second- 

 in-command of the Government Arctic expedition under 



1 .eorge Nares. In spite of many difficulties, he 

 ssfully navigated his ship, the Alert, into winter 

 quarters on the north-east coast of Grant Land in 

 latitude S2 .'7' N., which was the highest point then 

 attained by ship or man. In the spring of the fol- 

 lowing year he set out over the ice of the Polar Sea 

 in charge of the northern partv and reached latitude 

 83 20' N. This was onlv seventy-three miles from 

 the ship in a straight line, but the party covered no 

 fewer than 276 miles on the outward and 245 miles on 

 the homeward journey. In appreciation of his dis- 

 coveries Admiral Markham was presented with a gold 

 watch by the Roval Geographical Societv; in later 

 years he was a prominent member of the society's 

 council. In 1870 he carried out an expedition to 

 Novava Zemlya in companv with Sir Henrv Gore 

 Booth, and in 1886 studied the conditions of naviga- 

 tion in Hudson's Strait on board his old ship, the 

 1/crf. in connection with the Canadian Government's 

 proposals for the establishment of a summer service 

 between Fort Churchill and England. In the course 

 of his career Admiral Markham contributed largely 

 to the literature of polar exploration, and he wrote 

 the biography (published last year) of his cousin, the 

 late Sir Clements Markham. 



We regret to learn of the premature death of Dr. 

 Charles Rochester Eastman, of the American Museum 

 NO. 2557, VOL. I02] 



of Natural History, in his fifty-first year. Dr. East- 

 nuin was born at New Orli 1 I ...mpleied his 



education at the University of Munich, when h, 

 sin. lied palaeontology under Prof. K. A. \nn Zitiel, 

 and graduated as Ph.D. in 1894. His the'sis was an 

 important memoir on a fossil shark, Oxyrhina inan- 

 telli, from the chalk of Kansas, and most of his 

 sul. sequent researches were on fossil fishes. From 

 [895 until 1909 he was assistant for vertebrate 

 palaeontology in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 

 Harvard University^ where he arranged and described 

 the great collection of fossil fishes. From iqio to 

 1912 he held a temporary appointment ii 

 negie Museum, Pittsburgh, where he published illus- 

 trated descriptive catalogues of the Eocene fishes 

 from Monte Bolca and the Jurassic fishes from the 

 lithographic stone of Germany and France. He also 

 lectured on vertebrate palaeontology in the University 

 of ' Pittsburgh. In 1915 he became one of the newly 

 instituted research associates of the American Museum 

 of Natural History, New York. In 1900-2 Dr. East- 

 man did good service to biological science by editing 

 two volumes of a revised English translation of Prof, 

 von Zittel's " Grundzuge der Palaeontologie," and 

 during recent years he wrote several interesting papers 

 on natural history in medieval books. He also co- 

 operated with Dr. Bashford Dean in preparing the 

 valuable and exhaustive bibliographv of fishes, of 

 which two volumes have lately been published b\ the 

 American Museum. 



Mr. Arthur Cannon, whose death occurred on 

 October 13, has left behind a valuable record of work 

 accomplished. Following upon a distinguished career 

 at Greenwich College, to which he passed from 

 Devonport Dockyard, Mr. Cannon became assistant 

 to Sir John Biles at Glasgow University. While 

 occupying that position he was, in 1912, appointed to 

 the research scholarship in naval architecture awarded 

 by the Royal Commissioners for the Exhibition of 

 185 1. The programme of research outlined bv him 

 included the experimental investigation of the rolling 

 of ships amongst waves, and to that subject and others 

 akin to it the two years of the scholarship were 

 devoted. Beginning with a purely mathematical treat- 

 ment of the effect of "loose" water upon stabilitv, 

 Mr. Cannon pointed out for the first time the valuable 

 conclusion that the initial stability is at a maximum 

 when the "loose" water admitted to the interior of a 

 ship is at the same level as the water outside, but that 

 this condition is the worst for stability at large angles 

 of inclination. He then proceeded to investigate 

 experimentally the effect of "loose" water upon 

 rolling. This part of the research was carried out on 

 the rolling machine at Glasgow University (a varia- 

 tion of Russo's navipendulum), and led to the con- 

 clusion that, whereas in ordinary circumstances the 

 "free" oscillation is the dominant factor in rolling, in 

 the case in which there is a considerable amount of 

 "loose" water in the ship the "forced" oscillation is 

 the dominant factor. The results of this research are 

 of especial value in connection with the fitting of 

 "anti-rolling" tanks, in that 'they indicate the bene- 

 ficial effects of small quantities of loose water and the 

 harmful effects of large quantities. A further res, , 

 into the subject of the rolling of ships had reference 

 to the period of roll at large angles of inclination. 

 The full record of Mr. Cannon's research is con- 

 tained in the Transactions of the Institution of 

 Naval Architects, and its value was marl 

 award of the annual premium to him bj the c luncil 

 of the institution on two occasions. Through his un- 

 timely death at onlv thirty-two vears of age the pro- 

 fession of naval architecture losi a valued member. 



