306 CARNIVORES. 
prey is invariable. Leaping to the back of the victim, the jaguar, by a rapid 
movement of the fore-paws, twists its head round and breaks its neck. When 
the islands they usually inhabit are flooded, as is frequently the case, jaguars 
resort to the mainland to assuage their hunger, and are never so terrible as at such 
periods. There is a story that one of these gaunt famished creatures finding the 
door of the church of St. Fé open, went into the building. Two priests entering one 
after the other were killed; and a third, forewarned by the sounds of crunching 
and growling, escaped by a miracle. No one daring to go into the church to destroy 
the monster, a portion of the roof was taken off, and a deadly bullet aimed at him 
through the breach. At such times jaguars also prey largely upon cattle and horses. 
If driven from a ecarcase they will seldom return to it, preferring to hunt down 
another animal. When on the Amazon, Bates records how he once surprised a 
jaguar which had just made a meal off an alligator, the only parts of the reptile 
which were left unconsumed being the head, fore-quarters, and the solid bony 
armour. 
Referring to the habit of scoring the bark of trees with its claws, possessed by 
the jaguar in common with other cats, Darwin observes that, “one day when 
hunting on the Uruguay, I was shown certain trees to which these animals con- 
stantly repair, for the purpose, it is said, of sharpening their claws. I saw three 
well-known trees. In front the bark was worn smooth, as if by the breast of the 
animal, and on each side there were deep scratches, or rather grooves, extending in 
an oblique line, nearly a yard in length. The scars were of different ages. A 
common method of ascertaining whether a jaguar is in the neighbourhood, is by 
examining these trees. I imagine that this habit of the jaguar is exactly similar to 
that which may any day be seen in the common cat, as with outstretched leg and 
extended claws it scrapes the legs of a chair. Some such habit must also be 
common to the puma, for on the bare hard soil of Patagonia I have frequently seen 
scars so deep that no other animal could have made them. The object of this 
practice is, I believe, to tear off the ragged points of their claws, and not as the 
Guachos think, to sharpen them.” 
Like the other large cats, the jaguar takes to the water readily, and swims 
well. Its ery, which cannot be correctly described as a roar, is loud, deep, 
and hoarse, and has been compared to a series of repetitions of the syllables, pu, 
pu, pu. From two to four cubs are produced at a birth, which takes place about 
the end of the year. It is generally regarded as being of an utterly untamable 
disposition, even when captured young. Lady Florence Dixie succeeded, however, 
in rendering one of these animals perfectly docile, and even affectionate. 
A peculiar animosity to the jaguar is displayed in the pampas by its near 
relative the puma, Mr. Hudson observing that, “it is well known that where the 
two species inhabit the same district they are at enmity, the puma being the 
persistent persecutor of the jaguar, following and harassing it as a tyrant-bird 
harasses an eagle or hawk, moving about it with such rapidity as to confuse it, 
and, when an opportunity occurs, springing upon its back, and inflicting terrible 
wounds with teeth and claws. Jaguars with scarred backs are frequently killed, 
and others, not long escaped from their tormentors, have been easily overcome by 
the hunters.” This is the more remarkable since the puma is an animal of far 
