SMALLER. CALS. 415 
In some examples, however, the red tinge is greatly developed at the expense of the 
grey. The individual hairs vary in colour in different portions of their length. 
The dark spots on the back and side are longer than broad, with a more or less 
marked tendency to arrange themselves in longitudinal lines, and the species 
derives both its popular and its scientific name from their general rusty-red hue. 
In the reddish variety, which is characteristic of Ceylon, the spots are, however, 
brownish-black. As in so many of the smaller Indian cats, the forehead is marked 
by longitudinal dark stripes, four in number, and there is also a stripe on each side 
of the face behind the eye. The species is quite peculiar among the spotted cats 
in having the tail without either spots or rings, its upper surface being of the 
same tint as the back, while the under-part is paler. In length the rusty-spotted 
cat varies from 16 to 18 inches from the tip of the snout to the root of the tail, the 
length of the tail being constantly 93 inches. 
The skull agrees with that of the fishing-cat in having the sockets of the eyes 
completely surrounded by bone, but it is peculiar in that there are never more than 
two premolar teeth in the upper jaw, that is to say, there is only one of these teeth 
in advance of the flesh-tooth. 
This cat inhabits Ceylon and Southern India, rarely extending as far north- 
wards as the Central Provinces, and being quite unknown on the Malabar coast. Its 
fossil remains have been obtained from a cavern in Madras, thus proving that it 
was an inhabitant of India at a time when the fauna of that part of the country 
had a much closer affinity to the fauna of Africa than exists at the present day. 
The late Dr. Jerdon, in his Mammals of India, observes that “this very pretty 
little cat frequents grass on the dry beds of tanks, brushwood, and occasionally 
drains in the open country and near villages, and is said not to be a denizen of the 
jungles. I had a kitten brought to me very young in 1846, and it became quite 
tame, and was the admiration of all who saw it. Its activity was quite marvellous, 
and it was very playful and elegant in its motions. When it was about eight 
months old, i introduced it into a room where there was a small fawn of the 
gazelle, and the little creature flew at it the moment it saw it, seized it by the nape, 
and was with difficulty taken off. I lost it shortly after this. It would occasionally 
find its way to the rafters of bungalows and hunt for squirrels. Sir W. Elhot 
notices that he has seen several undoubted hybrids between this and the domestic 
eat, and I have also observed the same.” 
In commenting upon this account, Mr. Blanford observes that the alleged 
absence of the species from jungles is probably incorrect, for it has been found 
inhabiting forests in Ceylon. A pair of kittens of this species were at one time in 
the possession of Mr. R. A. Sterndale, and proved quite as tame, active, and graceful 
as the one mentioned above. After the death of one of the pair from snake-bite, 
the kitten of a domestic cat was obtained as a playfellow for the survivor, when 
the difference in the agility of the two creatures was very markedly exhibited. 
THE FrLat-HEADED Cart (Felis planiceps). 
The flat-headed cat is the second uniformly-coloured species, in addition to the 
lion, among the Old World cats. It is about the size of a domestic cat, but with a 
