444 CARNIVORES. 
this state be clipped, the under-fur will exhibit distinct spotting. According to 
measurements given by Jerdon, an adult hunting-leopard has a total length of 
about 7 feet, of which 24 feet are occupied by the tail; the height at the shoulder 
varies from 24 to 2$ feet. 
This animal is one of the few members of the family common to all Africa 
and India; its range extending from Africa through Syria, Mesopotamia, and 
Persia. It is not found in Bengal, nor on the Malabar coast, nor to the north- 
ward of the Ganges. It is also said to be unknown in Ceylon; and, like all 
the cats common to Africa and India, with the exception of the leopard, does not 
occur to the east of the Bay of Bengal. Some years ago Mr. Sclater described a 
hunting-leopard from South Africa which differed from the ordinary form by its 
stouter build, thicker tail, and more dense and woolly fur, the longest hairs oecur- 
ring on the neck, ears, and tail. The spots were also much paler, and the lines 
between the eyes and the mouth absent. This “woolly hunting-leopard” was 
regarded by its deseriber as a distinct species (C. lanius), but several later writers 
have been indisposed to admit it to this rank. 
We have but little information as to the distribution of the hunting-leopard in 
Africa. The Hon. W. H. Drummond states, on the authority of the natives, that 
in South-East Africa it is very rare, although found more commonly than elsewhere 
in the rocky gorges of the Bombo Mountains, where it lies concealed in the dense 
jungle, from which it occasionally ventures forth on to the open plains. Its chief 
prey consists of various species of antelopes. It is regarded as perfectly harmless, 
and indeed cowardly, towards man. both Mr. Drummond and his native hunters 
appear to have often mistaken hunting - leopards for immature lonesses when 
seen at a little distance on the sandy plains. To the natives of South-East Africa 
the animal is known as the N’Gulule. 
In India our information with regard to hunting-leopards is much fuller, 
owing to their being kept by many of the native princes for the purposes of sport, 
which entails the necessity of careful observation of their haunts and habits on 
the part of those entrusted with their training; and this more particularly as only 
full-grown examples are captured, the belief among the natives of India being that 
when captured as cubs they are of no use for sporting purposes. 
According to Mr. Blanford, the principal haunt of the Indian hunting-leopard 
“js in low, isolated, rocky hills, near the plains on which live antelopes, its principal 
prey. It also kills gazelles, nilgai, and, doubtless, occasionally deer and other 
animals. Instances also occur of sheep and goats being carried off by it, but it 
rarely molests domestic animals, and has not been known to attack men. Its mode 
of capturing its prey is to stalk up to within a moderate distance of between one 
to two hundred yards, taking advantage of inequalities of the ground, bushes, or 
other cover, and then to make a rush. Its speed for a short distance is remarkable— 
far exceeding that of any other beast of prey, even of a greyhound or kangaroo- 
hound, for no dog can at first overtake an Indian antelope or a gazelle, either of 
which is quickly run down by C. gubutus, if the start does not exceed about two 
hundred yards. General M‘Master saw a very fine hunting-leopard catch a black- 
buck that had about that start within four hundred yards. It is probable that for 
a short distance the hunting-leopard is the swiftest of all mammals.” 
