HY ENAS. 485 
end, although in two of the living species it has also an additional cusp on the inner 
side of the cutting blade. This curious resemblance of the flesh-teeth of the hyznas 
to those of the cats, it may be remarked in passing, is an instance of what 
evolutionists now call parallelisn in development; that is to say, the resemblance 
has been acquired independently in the two families, since it is certain that cats are 
not descended from hyenas, while it is even more obvious that hyenas are not the 
descendants of cats. 
This resemblance of the teeth of the hyzenas to those of the cats is, however, 
confined to the flesh-teeth. Thus, in place of having but two premolar teeth in 
each jaw in front of the flesh-tooth, the hyenas have three of these teeth in both 
the upper and the lower jaw between the flesh-tooth and the canine tooth. More- 
over, these premolar teeth, in place of being much compressed from side to side like 
those of the cats, have nearly conical and very tall crowns, as is well shown in the 
figure on p. 482. These strong conical premolar teeth, which are strengthened by 
small fore-and-aft tubercles at the base, form crushing instruments of immense 
power; and it is due to these teeth, aided by the flesh-teeth and the tusks, that a 
hyena is able to crunch in its jaws the shin-bone of an ox almost as readily as a dog 
can break that of a fowl. Indeed, no carnivorous animal has jaws and teeth which 
can be compared for strength and bone-crushing power with those of hyzenas. 
THE STRIPED Hyana (Hycene striata). 
The striped hyena, which is the only representative of the genus found in 
India, is one of the two smaller and less powerful species, the length of the head 
and body measuring 3} feet, and that of the tail 1 foot 6 inches. The species is 
characterised by its large and pointed ears, by the presence of a crest or mane of 
long hairs running along the middle of the neck and back, and by the long hair 
clothing the tail; as well as by the relatively small size of the hind, as compared 
with the fore-feet. In colour the striped hyena is dirty grey, with narrow trans- 
verse tawny or blackish stripes on the body and legs. 
If the skull be examined, it will be found that the lower flesh-tooth differs 
from that of the jaw represented in the figure on p. 482, by the greater size of the 
heel at its hinder base, while on the inner side of the blade of the same tooth there 
is a small conical cusp which does not occur in the figured jaw. Moreover, in the 
upper jaw, the molar tooth occurring behind, or rather to the inner side of, the 
flesh-tooth, has a somewhat large crown, elongated in the transverse direction. 
In these respects the striped hyzena is less widely removed from the civets than is 
its cousin the spotted hyzena, and it is also somewhat less powerful in its jaws 
and teeth. 
The striped hyzna is found throughout India, being especially common in the 
North-West and the Central Provinces; but it is unknown in Ceylon. From India 
its range extends westwards through Baluchistan into Persia and Mesopotamia, as 
far as the Caucasus. It is also common in Palestine, Syria, and Arabia; and the 
present writer on one occasion saw from the deck of a P. and O. steamer one of 
these animals walking on the Syrian side of the Suez Canal. From Syria it 
extends into Northern Africa, where it is occasionally met with in Abyssinia, but 
