496 CARNIVORES. 
known to need more than passing mention. It belongs to a group which includes 
the other wolves, the jackals, and the domestic dogs; all the wild species of which 
are characterised by their powerful teeth, the moderate brush formed by the tail 
(in which the hair is longer than that of the body), and by the pupil of the eye 
being round. Moreover, in the skull of all these animals the bony projection 
forming the hinder border of the socket of the eye is regularly curved downwards 
and has a convex upper surface; whereas in a fox the same process is hollow above, 
and has a more or less marked tendency to curve upwards behind. 
THE WOLF (4 nat. size). 
With the exception of the Antarctic wolf of the Falkland Islands, true wolves 
are restricted to the northern hemisphere, being unknown both in Africa and South 
America. The European wolf measures about 34 feet in length, exclusive of the 
tail, and is characterised by having a woolly under-fur of a slaty-brown colour. 
The prevailing hue of the fur is typically of a rufous or yellowish-grey above, 
which may be more or less mingled with black; while the under-parts are whitish. 
The tail, which is considerably less than half the length of the head and body, may 
be tipped with black. From this ordinary type of coloration there may be varia- 
