62 CARNIVORES. 
prodigious scuffing and scurrying immediately takes place in the interior; and 
after a few minutes, if not frightened by sounds above, the occupants soon begin 
to bolt in rapid succession at the various exits. Like the other members of its 
tribe, a ferret almost invariably seizes a rabbit immediately behind the ear. 
The common weasel of Europe (JZ. vulgaris) is the tirst of several 
species, distinguished from the polecats by their smaller size, longer 
bodies, and the much slighter development of the ridges and crests on their skulls. 
The difference in the proportionate length of the weasel and the polecat will be 
made evident by comparing the figure of the skeleton of the former given on 
p. 46 with that of the latter on p. 58. Moreover, whereas none of the martens or 
polecats have a winter coat markedly different in colour from that which they 
wear in summer, the weasels and stoats in northern regions generally or 
invariably change their summer dress of brown for a white winter garb. 
Weasel. 
The common weasel, which ranges over the whole of Europe, Northern and 
Central Asia, and a large portion of the northern part of America, usually varies 
from 6 to 8 inches in length from the tip of the snout to the root of the tail; the 
tail itself, with the hair at the end, varying from 2 to 24 inches. In colour the 
upper-parts are usually some shade of mahogany brown in the summer dress, 
while the throat and under-parts are white, without any tinge of yellow. The 
outer sides of the limbs are coloured like the back, but it appears that the feet may 
be either of the same tint as the back or as the under-parts. There is considerable 
individual variation in the shade of the brown, as there is with regard to the 
limits of demarcation between the brown and the white areas. The tail is eylin- 
drical and pointed, with its tip of nearly or exactly the same tint as the back. 
The female weasel is considerably smaller than the male, and appears to be the 
animal locally known as the cane. 
In the northern parts of the whole extent of its range the weasel assumes a 
white dress in winter, although it appears that this change of dress is less regular 
than in its cousin the stoat, and requires a greater intensity of cold for its produc- 
tion. ‘This change occurs but rarely in the British Islands. Even in the winter 
dress, the tip of the tail, although paler than ordinary, retains the reddish brown 
colour. In North America the weasel turns white in the northern parts of New 
England and the Adirondack Mountains near New York, but in the latitude of 
Massachusetts it retains the dark colour throughout the year. 
The weasel, in suitable localities, may be found almost every- 
wherein hedgerows, woods, among stones, in water-courses, and 
along the edges of swamps. Its general food consists of small creatures, such as 
mice, rats, small birds, moles, shrews, insects, ete.; but there is no doubt but 
Habits. 

that it will occasionally make inroads on poultry, and sometimes attack rabbits 
and sleeping partridges. The accusations of killing rabbits and hares habitually, 
which are so frequently levelled against the weasel, should, however, in most cases 
be transferred to the stoat. Indeed, from the war incessantly waged by the weasel 
against rats, mice, and voles of all kinds, it ought to be protected by the farmer, if 
not also by the gamekeeper, rather than ruthlessly destroyed whenever encountered. 
In spite, however, of these services, there is no doubt that the weasel does sometimes 
take to rabbit-hunting in good earnest; and several will combine together in 
