NOTES FROM CARLISLE. 127 



waters, for which Science is also indebted to Capt. Gray, and 

 his observations on the habits and development of the Hyperoodon 

 are scarcely less interesting. It is gratifying in the extreme that 

 this successful commander, whilst so fully occupied with his 

 many and arduous duties, still finds time and opportunity to 

 study the interesting animals with which his exceptional calling 

 brings him in contact. 



I have to express my thanks to him and to Mr. David Bruce, 

 of Dundee, for the bulk of the information embodied in the 

 foregoing remarks. 



ORNITHOLOGICAL NOTES FROM CARLISLE. 

 By the Rev. H. A. Macpherson, B.A. 



The spring of 1883 was rather uneventful in the Carlisle 

 district, the least common birds obtained being the Waxwings 

 already recorded (Zool. 1883, p. 299), a species of which examples 

 have often been obtained in former years from the same localities. 

 House Sparrows began to build on February 2nd, and I noticed 

 a pair of Dippers paired on the 15th of the same month, though 

 they were first observed to be building on March 26th. Great 

 Black-backed and Black-headed Gulls were in pairs on the Eden 

 on March 5th and 6th. Young House Sparrows flew from a nest 

 on the 14th March, and Wheatears arrived on the 24th ; I had 

 watched a pair of Jackdaws building the previous day. 



Dippers had young ones on the Eden on April 12th, on the 

 20th of which month I observed a single White Wagtail by the 

 mill-stream in Denton Holme. Meantime the Sand Martin had 

 arrived on the 8th, the Chiffchaff on the 12th, the Willow Wren 

 on the 13th, House Swallow on the 16th ; the Common Sand- 

 piper came on the 20th, House Martin on the 2l8t, Corn Crake 

 on the 22nd, Garden Warbler on the 27th, and on the 29th 

 appeared the first male Kedstart, of which my sister had seen 

 an example at Bordighera on the 1st of that month. 



On May 1st the Swift and Cuckoo reached us ; though I have 

 known the Swift appear at Oxford on May 1st, it more generally 

 arrives there on the 2nd and 3rd. On the 4th the Common 

 Whitethroat appeared, and on the 6th the Blackcap and Wood 



