34 DR. R. V. WILLEMOES-SUHM ON SOME ATLANTIC 



zo'ea and the male of Petalophthalmus were got. The specimen has a length of 41 millims., 

 with a carapace of 24 and a rostrum of 14 millims. The length of the rostrum (one third 

 of the whole length) and the absence of the breeding-lamellge show that it is a male. 



From the two preceding species this little Lophogastrid differs hy the presence of two 

 spines at the anterior and posterior lateral angles of the carapace and hy the presence of 

 spines at the top of the first, second, and fifth abdominal ring. Erom Gn. gigas it is 

 easily distinguished by the presence of the middle posterior spine of the carapace and 

 the absence of the five spines on the lamellar appendage. There are also several spines 

 on the line which divides the carapace in its full length, which are absent in the other 

 species. 



As in other respects it shows no characters which have not already been found in 

 the two preceding species, I refer to the figure (fig. 1), and shall not describe in detail 

 all its parts. 



Probably the genus Gnathophausia is represented at the bottom of the deep sea by 

 many species ; but I do not think that these species are very numerous in individuals ; 

 for the trawl always brings up many more Peneids and Caridids than Schizopods. 



Colour, and Mode of Life. 



All the Gnathophausias, when they came up, were bright red, a colour which is com- 

 mon to all deep-sea Crustacea, but which they very soon lose in alcohol. 



Like Lophogaster, which was found by Sars at the bottom of the sea in 50-60 fathoms, 

 these Schizopods live probably near the bottom without ever coming to the surface 

 (except perhaps in the larval stage). They evidently live together with a rich fauna, 

 of which the trawl has given us some idea. As to the animals which live together with 

 the larger species, I am obliged to cite here those which were got the day before and the 

 day after the capture of Gn. gigas ; for on that same day when it came up the trawl con- 

 tained nothing else. In the first of these stations (June 24, lat. 38° 3' N., long. 39° 19' 

 W.) we found a depth of 2175 fathoms ; and in the other one, two days afterwards (lat. 

 38° 25' N., long. 35° 30' W.), when we already approached the Azores, there was a depth 

 of 1675 fathoms. We got there several sponges, a Palythoa, a Pennatulid, a small hydroid 

 polyp, the Sea-urchin Salenia, several Asterids, some Bryozoa, one Annelid (Hermione), a 

 Pycnogonid * (Zetes, sp. ?), and some blind Isopods, one of which belongs to the Munop- 

 sidse family. 



The smaller species were got in different localities and depths (750-1850 fathoms)— 

 near the Azores, not far from St. Paul's rocks, and near the coast of Brazil. Together 

 with them were found many inhabitants of the deep sea, some of which I shall now men- 

 tion. "We got there the sponges Hyalonema, Tisiphonia, and Salichondria, the celebrated 

 Umbellularia grcenlandica, Ftrngia symmetrica, and a Flabellum. Among the Echino- 

 derms (which were very numerous) may be mentioned Chirodota and Synapta, a Bathy- 

 crinus, Astropecten, Astrogonium, Asteracanthion, and the Urchins Echinocyamus and 



* From several reasons I supposed, when beginning our operations, that we should get Pycnogonids in great 

 abundance and variety; but just the contrary was the case, as hitherto, after ten months' deep-sea dredging, we have 

 only got from two to three Pycnogonids, belonging, as far as I can make out here, to Kroyer's genus Zetes. 



