OF PREHISTORIC TIMES IN BRITAIN. 267 



from which we learn, when helped by the translation given by Fitzinger, that the young of 

 Sus verrucosus are never striped, and hereby have it suggested to us how it may be that 

 so many of our domestic breeds never have their young striped — none, in fact, except the 

 Westphalian and the Turkish. Rutirneyer (I. c. p. 187) has suggested that the so-called 

 " Berkshire breed " of domestic pigs may have its parent stock in Sus celebensis, as 

 figured by Schlegel and S. Muller, which resembles it in the great transverse develop- 

 ment of its skull, the vertically of its forehead, of its occiput, and its temporal fossa?, 

 in the height of its zygomatic arch, and specially in the remarkable height and massive- 

 ness of its lower jaw. There is no doubt that Sus celebensis is very closely allied to 

 Sus verrucosus, having not only the same general facies but the same peculiarities, 

 though on a smaller scale, as those whence the Java pig has taken its name. The chief 

 point of difference which Itutimeyer points out between the figured Sus celebensis and the 

 Berkshire breed depends upon the artist, I apprehend — being, as it is, a greater length of 

 the molar series, which, however, consists of 8 teeth in the figure of Sus celebensis (Yer- 

 handelingen, pi. 2S bis, fig. 3) ; and it is possible enough that the young of Sus celebensis 

 (the contrary not having been definitely recorded) may be like the young of Sus verru- 

 cosus in not being striped, and that they may thus have resembled the young of the 

 Irish Greyhound Pig, as when old they actually do resemble it in the development 

 of the mandibular warts. 



As regards the skulls of Sus-verrucosus, figured tab. 32 by Muller and Schlegel, the 

 lacrymal in fig. 4 appears to have the favourable relation of length to height which is 

 characteristic usually of the other Suidse with facial warts ; whilst in fig. 1, which was 

 taken from a very old individual, the height and length would appear to be subequal, as in 

 the skull (fig. 6) of Sus vittatus, on the same plate. I should have set less store by this 

 variation in the two drawings than I do, if Nathusius had not distinctly recorded (p. 179 

 /. c.) that this latter is the relation in the Sus-verrucosus skull in his possession. On the 

 other hand, all the undoubted Sus-verrucosus skulls which I have been able to measure 

 have presented the elongated form of this bone ; and the closely allied species Sus cele- 

 bensis, as figured in Muller and Schlegel's fig. 3, tab. 28 bis, may or may not have the 

 long lacrymal usual in that pig. But, on the whole, I should certainly accept the position 

 that the elongation of the lacrymal was not constant in Sus verrucosus, though it has 

 been so in the skulls I have seen; and with this position I should hesitate to assign to 

 this peculiarity all the value which Nathusius's insistence might lead one to assign to it. 



Taking, in the second place, this variability in the proportions of the lacrymal bone, 

 and coupling with it, first, the absence of striping in the young, and secondly the 

 presence of mandibular warts, such as one of our domestic breeds, viz. the Galway 

 Greyhound Pig, still retains, or did till quite lately retain, we may be tempted to think 

 that some form allied to Sxis verrucosus or Sus celebensis may have been the single 

 parent stock of all our domestic breeds, except, of course, such as the Westphalian and 

 Turkish, which are striped in their youth, and would be referred to the indigenous Sus 

 scrofa, Yav.ferus, as their parent stock. In favom- of such a view, we have, of course, the 

 general principle " Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitates.." 



But the wide range * of Sus vittatus, over Java, side by side with Sus verrucosus, 



* It is interesting to compare with these statements, as to the geographical distribution of the Asiatic Suidce, the 

 SECOND SERIES. — ZOOLOGY, VOL. I. 2 N 



