OF PREHISTORIC TIMES IN BRITAIN. 279 



pendent ears, and the mane limited to the nuchal region, which justify us in considering 

 it to have been intended to represent a tame variety. A pig, figured ibidem, pi. iv. 4, 

 from Etruria has a snout of such slenderness as to correspond very closely with the 

 description given of S. scrofa, var. palustris, whilst it contrasts in other points very 

 strikingly with the wild boars represented from Apuleia and Lucania, on the other side 

 of Italy {ibidem, plates xiv. 1, xv. 17 and 37, xix. 4), which have as close a zoological as 

 legendary connexion with the wild boar of Galydon, on the other side of the Adriatic 

 (see ' Thesaurus,' Brandenburg, i. pp. 318 & 464, 1696, and ' Thesaurus Nuniismaticus,' 

 i. p. 400, and tab. xl.). 



Of the two bronze statuettes given me by Mr. John Evans, one has the long slender 

 snout, and the mane reaching the whole length of the convex back, from the prominent 

 ears to the curled tail, which may justify us in considering it as intended for a wild boar; 

 the other combines the sturdy straddles and the long and large erect mane, beginning on 

 the forehead and in front of the erect ears, characteristic of a wild boar, with a snout as 

 disproportionately short, and tusks as reduced as we ever see them in the highest-bred 

 modern Chinese pig. The characters of the wild and tame varieties, however, being thus 

 inaccurately and inartistically combined in these statuettes, causes them to contrast dis- 

 advantageous^ with the Italian works of art just mentioned ; but they furnish us with 

 a conclusive answer to the weak reasoning of De Blainville (' Osteographie,' Sus, p. 170), 

 expressed in the following words : — " Du temps de Cesar, il parait cependant qu'elle (la 

 culture du cochon) n'etait pas encore parvenue dans les Gaules, car il n'est nullement 

 question de cet animal dans ses Coinmentaires ; elle s'y est done propagee depuis la con- 

 quete, d'ou elle a passe en Angleterre, qui ne possedait pas meme de sanglier dans ses 

 forets !" If further answer were required to this astounding statement, a reference to 

 Mr. Evans's work on British Coinage would furnish it — figures of the boar, some of 

 which are exceedingly characteristic, being given there on pis. vi., viii., xi., xii., and xiii., 

 from those ancient coins. But all well-informed antiquaries are aware that the wild 

 boar is one of the earliest animals figured in Celtic works of art (see ' Horse Perales,' 

 p. 185, pi. xiv. ; Montellier, ' Menioires sur les Bronzes Antiques,' Paris, 1S65 ; and 

 Stephens, ' Literature of Kymry,' p. 250). 



Professor Biitimeyer's paper in the ' Verhandlungen der naturforscbenden Gresellschaft 

 in Basel,' iv. 1, 1864, is, I apprehend, referred to by Mr. Darwin when he says (' Animals 

 and Plants under Domestication,' i. p. 71, 2nd ed. 1875) that " Butimeyer himself seems 

 now to feel some doubt " as to whether the " Torfschwein " existed as a wild animal during 

 the first of the stone period. No reference is given I. c. to any memoir of Professor Biiti- 

 meyer's ; and I became, after writing the foregoing paper, acquainted with the one in 

 question from a mention of it made by Herr Edmund Naumann in ' Archiv fur Anthropo- 

 logic,' Bd. viii. 1, 1875, p. 19, in a discussion on " Die Eauna der Pfahlbauten im Starnber- 

 ger See." Erom a perusal of this paper of Professor Pntimeyer, I am inclined to think that 

 he would regard the skull which I have figured (Plate XLI. fig. 2) as a skull of S. scrofa, 

 var. palustris. I have spoken of it as the skull of a wild sow, considering, as said above, 

 p. 259, that early breeding may, in a species admitting of such a wide range of structural 

 oscillation, and notably in the matter of mere size, account for a very great distance be- 



