360 DR. F. B. WHITE ON THE MALE GENITAL 



The dorsal surface of the segment is prolonged into two stout terete horns (PI. LVI. 

 figs. 25 A side, b above), which, seen from the side, are slightly curved downwards ; 

 there is a tooth on the margin of the segment below the horn ; and the remainder of the 

 hind margin is concave. 



Apatttbid^. Angular, approaching concave (PI. LVI. figs. 2 a, 3 a, 4 a). 



Ntmphalid^. Frequently concave and the orifice contracted (PI. LV. figs. 26 A, 

 29 a), or concave and the orifice not markedly contracted (PI. LV. figs. 14 a, 17 a), or 

 angula (PL LV. figs. 22 a, 24 a, 38). In some species of Argynnis the structure is 

 peculiar. In A. Niobe (PI. LV. figs. 18 a side, b above) the apex is deeply emarginate in 

 the dorsal mesial line. In A. Adippe (PL LV. figs. 19 A side, b above) the same part is 

 toothed and is not emarginate. Some doubts have been expressed as to the distinctness 

 of these two species. Thus, in the ' Entomologist's Monthly Magazine,' vol. viii. p. 166, 

 Mr. A. G. Butler gives it as his opinion that they are only forms of one species ; and at 

 p. 206 he reiterates this opinion, and cites Freyer in support of it. I think, however, 

 that the structural difference now pointed out is sufficient to show that the views of 

 those who consider both to be good species are correct. 



Danaid^i. I have not sufficient material to enable me to give the structure in this 

 family. 



Satybid-S;. Frequently angular or oblique. In several species aberrant structure 

 occurs in the form of stout spines, arising from the hind margin. In their simplest 

 form these are hairs, not much stouter or persistent than the other hairs which clothe 

 the segment, and may be seen in Satyrus Fidia (PL LVI. fig. 11). In Satyrus Iolaus 

 (PL LVI. fig. 10) they are more spiny, and each is emarginate at the tip. In Satyrus 

 Hermione (PL LVI. figs. 12 a side, b above) they are considerably stouter, are reduced 

 to two or three in number on each side, and arise from a special process of the segment. 

 In JEpinephele Janira (PL LVI. fig. 14 a) there is on each side a single spine, which 

 appears to consist of a mass of smaller ones, slightly unequal in length, agglutinated 

 together. In several other species there is a trace of these appendages. 



Hespbeid^;. Angular (PL LVII. fig. 28 A., &c), or nearly perpendicular (PL LVII. 

 figs. 25 A, 31 A, &c). 



3. The Tegumen. 



Viewed from above, the tegumen is oval-acuminate in outline, but truncate at the 

 base ; the basal half is ovately spherical ; and the acuminate apex is somewhat terete, 

 and curved slightly downwards. Nearly halfway between the base and apex a slender, 

 curved, spine-like lobe (which will hereafter be termed the " side lobe ") is given off on 

 each side, and curves downwards, inwards, and backwards, so that it is not very well 

 seen from above (PL LV. fig. 3, undissected, and fig. 8, dissected out). 



Viewed from the side, the outline is somewhat triangular, with the hind margin concave, 

 and the upper margin convex ; from about the middle of the hind margin the side lobe 

 arises and curves backwards alongside and below the apical half of the tegumen (PL LV. 

 fig. 4 b, dissected) . 



Viewed from below, the tegumen is seen to be concave, with the edges slightly 



