362 DR. F. B. WHITE ON THE MALE GENITAL 



Libythbid^e. Somewhat typical, but short, and side lobes either not developed, or 

 hidden (PI. LVI. fig. 25 b). 



Apatubid.^:. In Apatura (PL LVI. figs. 2 & 3) somewhat typical, but shorter, and 

 no side lobes. In Charaxes (PL LVI. fig. 4 b), structure very abnormal. Viewed from 

 above and dissected, the tegumen is transversely oblong, four times as broad as long, 

 and the outer angles developed into short acute tubercles. No side lobes visible. 



Nymph alid.#i. In the majority approaching the standard form, but rather short, and 

 base rather broad. Side lobes usually obsolete or not apparent, but in some cases well 

 developed. Apex of tegumen usually entire, but occasionally bifurcate (PL LV. figs. 16 c, 

 21 b, 23 b), or abnormally formed (PL LV. figs. 18 c, 19 c, 26 c, 31 b). 



Sattbidje. Structure typical, and side lobes well developed (PL LVI. figs. 5-24). 

 In Coenonympha (PL LVI. figs. 16 & 17) there is a tendency in the apical prolongation 

 to become a little wider before the tip, and again narrowed. In Melanargia (PL LVI. 

 fig. 5 a) the apes of the side lobe is abruptly bent downwards. 



HespebiDtE. Structure more or less aberrant. Viewed from the side, the tegumen 

 is often more or less abruptly bent downwards, frequently very abruptly (PL LVII. figs. 

 28 b, 30, 33a). 



Viewed from above, it is often longly triangular, the apex slender and produced 

 (PL LVII. figs. 25 b, 26 b, 27 b), or more or less longly bifurcate (PL LVII. figs. 28 c, 

 31 b, 32 c, 33 b). In Sesperia linea (PL LVII. figs. 26 b & c), and M. lineola (PL LVII. 

 figs. 27 A & b) there is a process underneath the apical half resembling the side lobes 

 coalesced. In lineola this process forms a groove in which the apical half lies, the process 

 being prolonged beyond the apex. The side lobes are not otherwise apparent. 



5. Structure of the Sa? , pagones. 



Viewed from the side, the harpago appears as a somewhat triangular convex plate 

 (more convex on the lower than on the upper margin), extending beyond the hind 

 margin of the last segment. The apex is prolonged, rather incrassated, and toothed and 

 curved upwards and inwards towards the tegumen (PL LV. fig. 2). On dissection, the 

 shape of the harpago is seen to be a long oval, with the free end prolonged and curved 

 (PL LV. fig. 4). Viewed from below, the shape is long oval, with a convex surface, 

 and the apex prolonged and curved inwards towards the other harpago (PL LV. fig. 5). 

 Viewed from the inside, the harpago is seen to be deeply concave, with the lower margin 

 much incurved, and joined to the upper margin near the apex, to make the long tubular 

 tip (PL LV. fig. 6), which is toothed on the upper margin (PL LV. fig. 7, more highly 

 magnified). 



This is perhaps one of the simplest forms that the harpago assumes ; but, as we shall 

 see, it is often, in other species, provided with lobes or processes, generally arising from 

 the upper margin, which is also, especially towards the apex, frequently more or less 

 toothed. The interior surface is also sometimes furnished with spines or processes ; 

 but, except where these are visible when the harpago is viewed from the outer side, 

 frequent reference will not be made to them on the present occasion. 



