428 MR. A. H. G. DORAN ON THE MORPHOLOGY 



In the malleus of Nemorhedus (Capricomis) swmatrensis (PI. LXI. fig. 29) the articular 

 surface is as in Ovis ; the manubrium is slightly curved ; and the lamina is extremely 

 wide. The stapes is, on the other hand, positively triangular, as in most Antelopes, the 

 head being rather small, the crura close together at their origin, and very divergent ; they 

 are rather thick ; the base projects but little beyond them, and is not very wide. In a 

 single malleus of Oreotragus saltatrix, from an adult skull in Sir V. Brooke's collection, 

 the articular surface is narrower vertically than in Ovis ; the manubrium is long, straight, 

 and very slender. The malleus in Saiga tartarica (PI. LXI. fig. 23) is very sheep-like 

 in the nature of its articular area and in the form of its manubrium ; the incus (PL 

 LXI. fig. 35) has a very shallow body, with widely separating and diverging crura ; the 

 stapes is quite triangular. 



In Gazella (PI. LXI. fig. 18) the malleus retains most of the characters of Ovis ; but 

 the articular surface is often wider, the processus muscularis is almost always shorter 

 and smaller, the angle at the base of the handle is so prominent as to form a true pro- 

 cessus brevis, and the extremity of the manubrium is well recurved and spatulate, the 

 whole outer aspect of that process being rather wide. The body of the incus is always 

 well developed in both directions, so as to take from the length of the crura (which, on 

 actual measurement, are fairly long) and to make the whole bone resemble the same in 

 the Pigs and Tragulinse, where the processes are very short, especially the processus 

 brevis. The stapes is a large bone, of very delicate make, and almost an equilateral 

 triangle in form ; the head is small, the crura very slender and divergent, the base very 

 wide and plane, extending well beyond the insertion of the crura. The ossicula of 

 O. dorcas, G. Icevipes, and G. bennettii are very similar. 



The malleus of Antilope cervicapra is of the Gazelle type ; but the stapes has stouter 

 and less-divergent crura. The malleus of Procapra picticaudata (PL LXI. fig. 27) is 

 similar; the incus (fig. 38) has as large a body as in any Gazella. The same remarks 

 apply to Nanotragus pygmceus and N. montanus (fig. 13), though even in adults of the 

 latter species the body of the incus remains shallow ; at least such is the case in the 

 College series. The stapes approaches the quadrilateral form of that of Ovis, the head 

 being larger and the crura more nearly parallel than in Gazella. 



In Ceplialophus (fig. 28) the articular surface is almost as wide on the malleus as on 

 that ossicle in Bos, the processus muscularis is very short, and the manubrium is of the 

 long, straight, and slender form frequent in Antelopes yet to be noticed. The incus 

 (fig. 39) in C. maxwellii is very like a Sheep's; the stapes is triangular, though the crura 

 are very divergent. The malleus of Nesotragus moschatus is of the Ceplialophus type ; 

 in the incus from an adult Tetraceros quadricornis (fig. 37) the body is as shallow as in a 

 lamb ; the malleus (fig. 25) and stapes resemble those of Ceplialophus ; the same applies 

 to the malleus of Nemorhedus goral (fig. 30), where, however, the processus muscularis is 

 longer than in C. mergens or C. maxtoellii ; the incus has a shallow body and very long 

 divergent crura. In the adult Kobus ellipsiprymnus (fig. 24) the articular surface of the 

 malleus is quite as wide as in Bos, but the manubrium is well recurved and not very 

 slender, altogether more like that of Gazella than of the other Antelopes. The incus 

 has a very high body, quite as high as in the Ox ; the crura are rather short. This ossicle 



