474 MR. A. H. G. DORAN ON THE MORPHOLOGY 



blunt, as in the Giant Armadillo ; but there is a distinct tubercular processus mus- 

 cularis in the same position as in Dasypus. 



The incus of Tolypeutes resembles that of Dasypus and Tatusia much more than 

 Driodon, the processus longus being long, slender, straight, and very divergent. 



But the stapes from the adult specimen in the College Museum is of more Sauropsidan 

 type than in any other Edentate except Manis. The head is long and narrow ; and the 

 slender crura keep together till close to the foot-plate, where they diverge, leaving a small 

 aperture between them. The base is broad vertically as well as horizontally. It is the 

 manner of divergence just described, and not merely the smallness of the aperture, which 

 relates this stapes of Tolypeutes to obviously lower forms. As Manis in its stapes with 

 absolutely fused crura allies itself to Dasypus, Phalangista, Perameles, the Ornitbo- 

 delphia, and most of the Sauropsida, so does Tolypeutes tend, in the character of the 

 aperture in that ossicle, to Macropus, Dklelphys, and some Birds. 



In the squamate Edentata all three ossicles present positive points of peculiarity. 



The malleus of Manis dalmanii (PL LXIV. fig. 8) has a large head, much flattened 

 antero-posteriorly ; the front is but slightly convex, and it does not project beyond the 

 upper margin of the articular surface. This latter has a very prominent border, and in 

 form is not unlike the same articular surface in Man and the Anthropoid Apes. It is 

 placed very obliquely, so that its outer extremity * lies much higher than the inner 

 (fig. 10) ; it is also divided into two facets, one superior and internal, the lower 

 being the more external. Each presents a vertical convexity ; and they slope towards 

 each other, so that the whole articular surface appears concave when viewed late- 

 rally. But this surface is far wider in proportion to the entire head than it is in 

 Homo, nor does the head in Manis project prominently above it as in Man; moreover 

 the division into facets is even less distinct f. The neck is very short and curved ; the 

 lamina is of medium width, and formed of not very thin or transparent bone; there is no 

 processus muscularis. The manubrium forms an angle of about 130° with the neck, and 

 resembles that of Dasypus ; a distinct processus brevis exists ; the manubrium is rather 

 broad at the base, and much flattened laterally ; the extremity is distinctly recurved. 

 The character of the articular surface and the form of the head distinguish the malleus 

 of Manis alike from the same in the Sloths and the Dasypodidse. 



The incus (fig. 8) lies in the skeleton with its articular surface looking directly 

 forwards ; it is rather broader than deep in the adult Manis dalmanii. The postero- 

 superior part of its body (which is really absolutely superior in Manis) is well developed 

 and bulging, but not so markedly deeper than the other part of the body over the pro- 

 cessus longus as is the case in some species of Manis. The crura are very short, and 

 diverge but little ; the stapedial crus bears an ill-developed elliptical Sylvian apophysis, 

 which is pedunculated. 



The stapes of the Pangolin (Manis) is most remarkable, being absolutely Sauropsidan; 



* This is actually the %tpjoer extremity in Manis ; hut being the horaologue of the outer in most mammals, that 

 term is retained, as in describing a similar condition in the human malleus. 



t On the subject of the facets, I must again refer to my observations on the homologies of the articular surface in 

 the human malleus. 



