OF THE MAMMALIAN OSSICULA AUDITUS. 495 



Plate LX. 



Fig. 1. Left malleus and incus : Phoca vitulina (articulated). 



Figs. 2-5. Left incus : 2, Phoca barbata ; 3, Phoca grcenlandica ; 4, Phoca hispida ; 5, Halichcerus grypus. 



Figs. 6-35. Left ossicula : 6, Sciurus maximus ; 7, Pteromys nitidus ; 8, Anomalurus fraseri; 9, Tarnias 

 striatus; 10, Spermophilus citullus ; 11, Arctornys marmotta; 12, Castor fiber ; 13, Myoxus 

 glis ; 14, Mus decumanus {oa, orbicular apophysis) ; 15, Hapalotis mitchellii ; 16, Hydromys 

 chrysogaster ; 17,Arvicola amphibius; 18, Fiber zibethicus [p.h.m, process from head of malleus) ; 

 19, Spalax typhlus ; 20, Rhizomys badius ; 21, Geornys bursarius ; 22, Bathyergus maritimus ; 



23, Dipus cegyptius ; 24, Hystrix cristata ; 25, Cercolabes insidiosus ; 26, Capromys pilorides ; 

 27, Aulacodus swindernianus ; 28, Octodon cumingii ; 29, Chinchilla lanigera ; 30, Dasyprocta 

 aguti; 31, Dolichotis patachonica ; 32, Hydrochmrus capybara; 33, Cavia caprera ; 34, Lepus 

 cuniculus ; 35, Hyrax capensis. 



Figs. 36, 37. Stapes : 36, Elephas indicus (adult) ; 37, Elephas africanus. 

 Fig. 38. Right ossicula : Elephas indicus. 

 Fig. 39. Left ossicula : Elephas indicus. 



Plate LXI. 



Fig. 1. Left ossicula : Rhinoceros bicornis. 



Fig. 2. Left malleus and incus : Tapirus bairdi. 



Figs. 3, 4. Left ossicula : 3, Equus caballus ; 4, Hippopotamus amphibius. 



Fig. 5. Right ossicula : Hippopotamus. 



Figs. 6-9. Left ossicula : 6, Sus scrofa : 7 , Dicotyles tajacu; 8,Tragulus jav aniens ; 9, Lama peruana. 



Fig. 10. Right malleus : Camelus dromedarius. 



Fig. 11. Left malleus : Camelus dromedarius. 



Figs. 12-21. Left ossicula: 12, Antilocapra americana ; 13, Nanotragus montanus; 14, Bos taurus (adult) ; 



15, Bos taurus (foetus 6th week) ; 16, Ovis aries (adult) ; 17, Ovis aries (foetus, at birth) ; . 



18, Gazella dorcas (adult); 19, Alcelaphus bubalus ; 20, Cervus elaphus (adult) ; 21, Camelo- 



pardalis giraffa (adult) . 

 Figs. 22-33. Left mallei of various Ruminants* (young) : 22, Rupicapra tragus; 23, Saiga tartarica; 



24, Kobus ellipsiprymnus ; 25, Tetraceros quadricornis ; 26, Catoblepas gnu ; 27, Procapra 

 picticaudata ; 28, Cephalophus maxwellii ; 29, Nemorhcsdus sumatrensis ; 30, Nemorhedus goral ; 

 31, Ovibos moschatus ; 32, Anoa depressicornis ; 33, Moschus moschiferus. 



Figs. 34-42. Incudes of various Ruminants (left) : 34, Rupicapra tragus; 35, Saiga tartarica; 36> 

 Kobus ellipsiprymnus ; 37, Tetraceros quadricornis ; 38, Procapra picticaudata ; 39, Cephalo- 

 phus maxwellii; 40, Ovibos moschatus ; 41, Anoa depressicornis ; 42, Moschus moschiferus. 



Plate LXII. 



As many of the ossicles are here represented much magnified, a smaller figure is, in all such cases, 

 placed to the left of the greater, the smaller being drawn on the same scale as in all the other plates, i. e. 

 three times the natural size. 



Fig. 1. Right ossicula of a large American Sorex : oa, orbicular apophysis; pb, processus brevis. 



Pig. 2. Left malleus from the same Sorex. Fig. 6. Left incus : Scalops aquaticus. 



^ig. 3. Left malleus : Myogale moschata. Fig. 7. Right malleus : Condylura cristata. 



Fig. 4. Right ossicula : Myogale moschata. Fig. 8. Left malleus and incus : Condylura. 



Fig. 5. Left ossicula: Talpa europcea. Fig. 9. Right malleus : Chrysochloris capensis. 



* The laminae were more or less mutilated in the originals from which several of the figures in this group were 

 taken. 



3u2 



