NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 229 
centuries, after which period, so far as has been ascertained, 
history is silent on the subject. 
With regard to the Beaver, as might be expected, reference 
is made to the account given by Giraldus Cambrensis of the 
existence of this animal in Wales in the 12th century, and 
Boethius is quoted with reference to its former occurrence in 
Scotland. It is not without interest to observe that in the 
enumeration of furs upon which duty was to be paid on exporta- 
tion at Scotch ports in the reign of David I. (1124—1158), 
besides the common skins of tod (fox), whitret (stoat or ermine), 
mertrick (marten), and cat, mention is specially made in all the 
MSS. of the skins of beavers and sable, the latter being probably 
the polecat. Again, among the export duties licensed to be levied 
at Newcastle-on-Tyne in the time of Henry I. (1100—11385), we 
find the tymbra beveriorwn fixed at fourpenee. 
From the account given of the Reindeer (pp. 61—76), it 
appears that this animal was hunted in Caithness in the 12th 
_ century by the jarls of Orkney, who used to cross over to 
Caithness every summer for that purpose. But that the North 
of Scotland was not the only portion of the British islands which 
sheltered it, is proved by the numerous unmistakable horns and 
other remains of this animal which have been discovered in 
various other parts of Scotland, as well as in many scattered 
localities in England and Ireland. 
The Wild Boar survived for many centuries later. It was 
hunted at Windsor by James the First, and its existence in 
Staffordshire, in the reign of Charles II., is proved by an entry 
in an old Household Book kept by the steward of Karl Ferrers 
at Chartley. 
The Wolf, like the Bear, is an animal concerning whose 
extinction in Britain a popular fallacy exists. In almost any 
book on Natural History which we may take up, if there is any 
mention of wolves, one is almost certain to find the statement 
that the last Wolf was killed in Scotland by Sir Ewen Cameron 
of Lochiel, in 1680. 
This statement, first put forth by Pennant in his ‘ British 
Zoology,’ has been copied blindly by one writer after another to 
the present time. But it is now clear that it can have reference 
- only to the particular district in which Sir Ewen Cameron lived, 
and not, as has been supposed, to the whole of Scotland. ~- 
