( 3865 ) 
ON EUROPEAN BIRDS OBSERVED IN NORTH AMERICA. 
By Percy EK. Frexn. 
In the following pages I have endeavoured to bring together 
the various scattered records of European birds which have 
occurred in North America, and which are, properly speaking, 
not natives of that continent. I have treated as “ Kuropean 
birds” all species which are found in Europe, either as natives 
or as accidental stragglers from neighbouring countries. It is 
not without much hesitation that I have included these accidental 
stragglers, but the difficulty of determining which should be con- 
sidered natives and which foreigners has decided me on including 
them all, distinguishing by an asterisk those species which 
Mr. Dresser has excluded from his list of the Birds of Europe. 
Unfortunately the difficulty of determining which might fairly 
be considered as extralimital to the Nearctic region was not so 
easily solved. On referring to Mr. Ridgway’s list in the ‘ Bulletin 
of the United States National Museum’ for 1881, I find under 
this designation such species as Saxicola enanthe and Motacilla 
flava, which are known to breed in North America, and which 
I could not therefore include here. I have therefore omitted 
from the list the following species, which are sometimes classed 
as extralimital, as I consider that they properly belong to the 
North American fauna :— 
Saxicola enanthe.—Breeds in Greenland, Labrador, &c. 
Motacilla flava.—Alaska. 
Linota hornemanni.— Greenland. 
Haliaétus albicilla— Greenland. 
Anser albifrons.— Greenland. 
Aigialitis hiaticula— Greenland, aud west of Cumberland Gulf. 
Tringa alpina.—Probably in Greenland, and certainly on the Melville 
peninsula and elsewhere in Davis’ Straits. 
The occurrence of Phaethon ethereust in Norway, as reported 
by MM. Degland and Gerbe, in their ‘ Ornithologie Kuropéenne’ 
(vol. ii. p.363), must be considered more than doubtful, and 
Ihave omitted it; though it must not be forgotten that Leigh, 
in his ‘ Natural History of Lancashire, Cheshire, and the Peak,’ 
* Once observed in the Nearctic region. 
