EUROPEAN BIRDS OBSERVED IN NORTH AMERICA. 371 
7. Sturnus vulgaris (Linn.), Starling.— One was sent from 
Greenland by Hélboll to the Royal Museum, Copenhagen in 1851 
(Reinhardt, ‘ Ibis,’ 1861). 
[Corvus frugilegus (Linn.), Rook.—Mr. Ridgway saw a specimen of this 
bird, apparently lately escaped from confinement, perched on a maple tree 
in the grounds of the Agricultural Department at Washington, D.C., in 
August, 1879 (Ridgway, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus., 1881, p. 84).} 
8. Syrnium lapponicum (Rets.), Lapp Owl.—One was taken at 
the Yukon delta, Alaska, April 15, 1876, by Mr. L. M. Turner 
(Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, vol. iii., 1878, p. 37). 
9. Surnia ulula (Linn.), Hawk Owl.— Obtained by Mr. Turner 
at St. Michael’s, Alaska, in October, 1876 (Ridgway, Bull. Nutt. 
Orn. Club, vol. iii., 1878, p. 38). 
10. Buteo vulgaris (Leach), Buzzard.—One is said to have 
been taken at Pau Pau, Michigan, by Mr. J. D. Allen, about the 
beginning of October, 1873 (J.C. Maynard, Bull. Nutt. Orn. Club, 
vol. 1., 1876, p. 2; Ridgway, l.c., p. 32). 
1l. Falco gyrfalco (Linn.), Jerfalcon.—With regard to speci- 
mens which might be considered Huropean examples of this bird 
or its variety islandus occurring in North America, I can find 
no satisfactory evidence. Mr. Ridgway informs me that “no 
reference can be relied on, all records of islandus from the U.S. 
applying to either sacert or the dark Labrador form obsoletus, 
Gm. Ihave seen Arctic specimens, however, that could not be 
distinguished from Iceland specimens; also others that can be 
perfectly matched by Scandinavian skins (true gyrfalco). In fact, 
‘sacer’ is a form intermediate between gyrfalco and islandus, some 
examples being indistinguishable” (Ridgway, in lit.). Prof. Rein- 
hardt includes the Iceland form in his list of Greenland birds 
(‘ Ibis,’ 1861). 
12. Falco esalon (Tunstall), Merlin.—A specimen was caught 
at sea near Greenland, lat. 57° 41’ N., long. 35° 23’ W., in May, 
1867, by Mr. E. Whymper, and presented by him to the Norfolk 
and Norwich Museum (Newton, Man. Instr. Arct. Exp., 1875, 
p- 96). 
+ Mr. Ridgway here vefers, not to Falco sacer (Gmel.), the Saker Falcon 
of the Old World, but to a variety of F'. gyrfalco, which he calls Hierofalco 
gyrfalco sacer (Forst.), Ridgw.,—McFarlane’s Gyrfaleon,—found in the 
interior of Continental Arctic America, 
